Rationale for naphazoline effects in-depth study
PDF

Keywords

naphazoline
toxicity
side effects
prospects for studies

Abstract

This article presents a retrospective review of data on side effects of drugs containing naphazoline and data on toxicity of the agent when entered the body via different pathways. Most publications on clinical signs of possible naphazoline-associated side effects are lacking thorough analysis of possible causes. Limited data on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug led to various complications after its administration. Therefore, further studies on naphazoline content dynamics or products of its biotransformation in biological substrates and determination of half-life of the agent must be conducted. This will allow establishingsafe levels for different exposure pathways and harmful levels of the naphazoline with respect to its material accumulation. It should be noted that scientific publications contain controversial data regarding allergenic potential of the agent. Possible side effects of the drug on the reproductionand development are not revealed. Determination of effects the products containing naphazoline may have on immune and reproductive system is an important part of the research.
PDF

References

1. Agha-Mir-Salim P, Stange T, Knipping S, Jahnke V, Berghaus A. Electron microscopic studies of the rabbit nasal mucosa after short-term application of naphzoline nitrate. Laryngorhinootologie. 2001;80(7):389-93. Google Scholar

2. . Bucaretchi F, Dragosavac S, Vieira RJ. Acute exposure to imidazoline derivatives in children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2003;79(6):519-24. Google Scholar

3. Chapman RA, Leoty C. Which of caffeine’s chemical relatives are able to evoke contractures in mammalian heart? Recent Adv Stud Cardiac Struct Metab. 1975;7:425-30. Google Scholar

4. Coca-Prados M, Escribano J, Ortego J. Differential gene expression in the human ciliary epithelium. Prog Retin Eye Res. 1999;18(3):403-29. Google Scholar

5. Corey JP, Houser SM, Ng B A. Nasal congestion: a review of its etiology, evaluation, and treatment. Ear Nose Throat J. 2000;79(9):690-702. Google Scholar

6. Costantino G, Ceriani E, Sandrone G, Montano N. Ischemic stroke in a man with naphazoline abuse story. Am J Emerg Med. 2007; 25(8):983. Google Scholar

7. Craver BN, Chase F, Yonkman FF. Pharmacologic studies of a new vasoconstrictor: 2-Naphthyl-1′-Methyl-imidazoline hydrochloride (Privine or Naphthazoline: J Pharmacol Exper Therap. 1944;82(3):275-87. Google Scholar

8. De Groot AC. Patch testing. 3rd edition: Update 2008 – 2015. Wapserveen, The Netherlands: acdegroot publishing; 2015:33. Google Scholar

9. Di Lorenzo C, Coppola G, La Salvia V, Pierelli F. Nasal decongestant and chronic headache: a case of naphazoline overuse headache? F1000Res. 2013;2:237. Google Scholar

10. Drugs in Japan. Ethical Drugs. 6th edition. Japan: Yakugyo Jiho Co., Tokyo; 1982:612. Google Scholar

11. Fukushima H et al.: Acute pulmonary edema associated with naphazoline ingestion. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(3):254-6. Google Scholar

12. Hild AM. Privine Ciba, a new preparation for reducing congestion of the nasal mucosa. Schweiz med Wchnschr. 1941;71:557-61. Google Scholar

13. Johnson DA, Hricik JG. The pharmacology of alpha-adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993;13(6 Pt 2):110-115. Google Scholar

14. Kahn CM, The Merck Veterinary Manual. 9th edition. Whitehouse Station, NJ, [Great Britain]: Merck & Co.; 2005:2526. Google Scholar

15. Kampi Yu, Dyachuk V. Peculiarities of clinical features of poisoning by topical (nasal) decongestants of children. Scientific bulletin of Uzhhorod university, series Medicine. 2013;48:58-62. Google Scholar

16. Lee DH, Yun S Y, Cho KH, Lee HM, Choi YH. A case of naphazoline intoxication after the ingestion of a topical antiseptic solution. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2010;17:364. Google Scholar

17. Lopatin A S. Nasal decongestants: old drugs and new formulations. Doktor.Ru. 2011;65(6):13-9. Google Scholar

18. Lopes LM, Carrilho MC, Francisco RP, Lopes MA, Krebs VL, Zugaib M. Fetal ductus arteriosus constriction and closure: analysis of the causes and perinatal outcome related to 45 consecutive cases. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2016;29(4):638-45. Google Scholar

19. Lowry JA, Brown JT. Significance of the imidazoline receptors in toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 2014;52(5):454-69. Google Scholar

20. Maling HM, Gho AK, Horakova Z, Williams M. A. The pharmacologic effects of ST-155 (Catapres) and related imidazolines in the rat. Pharmacology. 1969;2(6):337-51. Google Scholar

21. Marushko Y. Experience of application of topical decongestants in children of early age. Lechaschiy Vrach. 2010;11:86. Google Scholar

22. Mashige KP. Ocular allergy. Health SA Gesondheid. 2017;22:112-22. Google Scholar

23. McEvoy GK. AHFS Drug information 2006, Naphazoline hydrochloride, Bethesda: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2006:2827-8. Google Scholar

24. McGrath JC. Localization of α-adrenoceptors: JR Vane Medal Lecture. British journal of pharmacology. 2015;172(5):1179-94. Google Scholar

25. Mortuaire G et al. Rebound congestion and rhinitis medicamentosa: nasal decongestants in clinical practice. Critical review of the literature by a medical panel. European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases. 2013;130(3):137-44. Google Scholar

26. Munaron L. Shuffling the cards in signal transduction: Calcium, arachidonic acid and mechanosensitivity. World J Biol Chem. 2011;2(4):59-66. Google Scholar

27. Musshoff F, Gerschlauer A, Madea B. Naphazoline intoxication in a child - a clinical and forensic toxicological case. Forensic Science International. 2003;134(2):234-7. Google Scholar

28. Nurmukhametov R.: Vasoconstrictors (decongestants). Consilium provisorum. 2001;1(1): 21-3. Google Scholar

29. Ogidigben MJ, Chu TC, Potter DE. Naphazoline-induced neuroendocrine changes: Increases in ANP and cGMP levels, but suppression of NE, 3H-NE, and cAMP levels in rabbit eyes. Pharmacology. 2002;65(3):155-61. Google Scholar

30. Ogidigben MJ, Chu TC, Potter DE. Naphazoline-induced suppression of aqueous humor pressure and flow: involvement of central and peripheral alpha(2)/I(1) receptors. Exp Eye Res. 2001;72(3):331-9. Google Scholar

31. Ono Y, Ono N, Shinohara K. Tissue hypoperfusion, hypercoagulopathy, and kidney and liver dysfunction after ingestion of a naphazoline-containing antiseptic. Case reports in emergency medicine 2017. 2017. Google Scholar

32. Ortego J, Coca-Prados M. Functional expression of components of the natriuretic peptide system in human ocular nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;258(1):21-8. Google Scholar

33. Pukhlik SM. Nasal Decongestants – Pros and Cons. Rhinology. 2004;4:36-51. Google Scholar

34. Putnam LE, Herwick RP. Privine dependence of two years’ duration. JAMA. 1946; 130(11):702-3. Google Scholar

35. Radtsig EU, Ermilova NV, Sapaeva NV, Bogomil’sky MR. Alternative to topical decongestants for symptomatic treatment of children’s acute rhinitis. Current pediatrics. 2007;6(5):92-5. Google Scholar

36. Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(3):148-55. Google Scholar

37. Rosati GF, Poletto MG. Pharmacological characteristics of alphamethyl-beta-[2-methylene-4,5-dihydroimidazoyl]. II Farmaco, Edizione Pratica. 1966;21(4):204-23. Google Scholar

38. Ruffolo RR. Distribution and function of peripheral α-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 1985;22(5):827-33. Google Scholar

39. Sarchielli P, Alberti A, Codini M, Floridi A, Gallai V. Nitric oxide metabolites, prostaglandins and trigeminal vasoactive peptides in internal jugular vein blood during spontaneous migraine attacks. Cephalalgia. 2000;20(10):907-18. Google Scholar

40. Sortino S, Giuffrida S, Scaiano JC. Photogeneration of hydrated electrons, nitrogen-centered radicals and singlet oxygen from naphazoline: a laser flash photolysis study. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 1999;70(4):590-5. Google Scholar

41. Takeuchi K, Akatsuka K, Kasuya Y. Pharmacological studies of imidazoline derivatives. II. Actions on cardiovascular system and acute toxicity. J. Pharmacobiodyn. 1986;9(4):385-394. Google Scholar

42. Vitezic D, Rozmanic V, Franulovic J, Ahel V, Matesic D Naphazoline nasal drops intoxication in children. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 1994;45(1):25-9. Google Scholar

43. Warren MR, Werner HW. Acute toxicity of vasopressor amines II. Comparative data. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1946;86(3):280-3. Google Scholar

44. Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Matsumoto M. Evaluation of excised loach skin for studies on transdermal permeation of drugs in vitro. Yakugaku zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 1989;109(9):656-61. Google Scholar

45. Wenzel S, Sagowski C, Laux G, Kehrl W, Metternich FU. Course and therapy of intoxication with imidazoline derivate naphazoline. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004;68(7):979-83. Google Scholar

46. Willems EW, Valdivia LF, Villalon CM, Saxena PR. Possible role of alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes in acute migraine therapy. Chephalalgia., 2003;23 (4):245-57. Google Scholar

47. Winston C. Hainsworth. Accidental poisoning with naphazoline («PRIVINE») hydrochlorid. Am J Dis Child. 1948;75(1):76-80. Google Scholar

48. Yamadori Y, Oiso N, Hirao A, Kawara S, Kawada A. Allergic contact dermatitis from dibucaine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, and naphazoline hydrochloride in an over-the-counter topical antiseptic. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;61(1):52-3. Google Scholar

49. Yonkman FF, Rennick B, Schwerma HL. Pharmacologic studies of a new vasoconstrictor: 2-naphthyl-(1‘)-methyl-imidazoline hydrochloride (Privine or Naphazoline): III. An attempt to localize the seat of action in terms of adrenergic and cholinergic foci. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1944;82(3):275-87. Google Scholar

50. Zarechnova N, Tursunov R. Study the impact of decongestants (naftizine) on the morphology of the mucosa of the nasal cavity of rats. Bulletin KRSU. 2012;12(2):163-6. Google Scholar

51. Zavala J A, Pereira ER, Zetola VH, Teive HA, Novak EM, Werneck LC. Hemorrhagic stroke after naphazoline exposition: case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2004;62(3B):889-91. Google Scholar

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.

Copyright (c) 2018 Authors

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.