Overview on fosfomycin and its current and future clinical significance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0039Keywords:
fosfomycin, urinary tract infections, multi-resistant bacterial infectionsAbstract
Fosfomycin is an old antibiotic with a unique chemical structure and with broadspectrum activity against numerous bacterial pathogens, both Gram-positive and Gramnegative, including resistant and multi-resistant strains. This antibiotic was accepted into clinical practice in the early 1970s. Its use, however, has been limited for several years for treating mainly lower uncomplicated urinary tract infections (in the form of fosfomycin trometamol taken orally). Nowadays, many clinicians and scientists are looking at this antibacterial drug for its employment in the treatment of severe infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Fosfomycin as an intravenous formulation (fosfomycin disodium) achieves clinically relevant concentrations in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid, in kidney, bladder wall, prostate, lungs, bone and heart valves tissues, as well as in inflamed tissues and abscess fluid. The available clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of intravenous fosfomycin for the management of severe infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.
References
1. Allerberger F., Klare I.: In-vitro activity of fosfomycin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 43, 211, 1999. [CrossRef]
2. Bader M.S., Hawboldt J., Brooks A.: Management of complicated urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance. Postgrad. Med., 122, 7, 2010. [CrossRef]
3. Baltz R.H., Daptomycin: mechanisms of action and resistance and biosynthetic engineering. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 13, 144, 2009. [CrossRef] [Web of Science]
4. Baylan O.: Fosfomycin: past, present and future. Mikrobiyol. Bul., 44, 311, 2010.
5. Bayrak O. et al.: Is single-dose fosfomycin trometamol a good alternative for asymptomatic bacteriuria in the second trimester of pregnancy? Int. Urogynecol. J., 18, 525, 2007. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
6. Bocher H.W. et. al.: Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESCAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis., 48, 1, 2009. [CrossRef]
7. Cassir N., Rolain J.M., Brouqui P.: A new strategy to fight antimicrobial resistance: the revival of old antibiotics. Front. Microbiol., 5, 1, 2014. [CrossRef] [Web of Science]
8. Chareancholvanich K., Udomkiat P., Waikakul S.: A randomized control trial between fosfomycin and cefuroxime as the antibiotic prophylaxix in knee arthroplasty. J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 9, 6, 2012.
9. Chen L.Y. et al.: High-dose daptomycin and fosfomycin treatment of a patient with endocarditis caused by daptomycin-nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus: Case report. BMC. Infect. Dis., 11, 1, 2011. [CrossRef]
10. Eschenburg S., Priestman M., Schonbrunn E.: Evidence that the fosfomycin target Cys115 in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) is essential for product release. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 3757, 2005.
11. Falagas M.E. et al.: Daptomycin for endocarditis and/or bacteraemia: a systematic review of the experimentaland clinical evidence. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 7, 2007. [CrossRef] [Web of Science]
12. Falagas M.E. et al.: Fosfomycin: use beyond urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections. Clin. Infect. Dis., 46, 1069, 2008. [CrossRef]
13. Falagas M.E. et al.: Fosfomycin for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli: a systematic review of microbiological, animal and clinical studies. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 34, 111, 2009. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
14. Falagas M.E.et al.: Fosfomycin for the treatment of multidrugresistant, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing, Enterobacteriaceae infections: a systematic review. Lancet. Infect. Dis., 10, 43, 2010. [Web of Science][CrossRef]
15. Falagas M.E. et al.: Antimicrobial susceptibility of multidrugresistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolates to fosfomycin. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 35, 240, 2010. [CrossRef]
16. Gardiner B.J., et al.: Is fosfomycin a potential treatment alternative for multidrug-resistant gram-negative prostatitis? Clin. Infect. Dis., 58, 101, 2014. [CrossRef] [Web of Science]
17. Giamarellou H.: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: how to treat and for how long. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 36, 50, 2010. [CrossRef]
18. Hamilton-Miller J.M.: In vitro activity of fosfomycin against “problem” Gram-positive cocci. Microbios., 1992, 71: 95-103.
19. Hauser C. et al.: In vitro activity of fosfomycin alone and in combination with ceftriaxone or azithromycin against clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 59, 1605, 2015. [CrossRef] [Web of Science]
20. Kaase M. et al.: Fosfomycin in susceptibility in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Germany. J. Clin. Microbiol. 52, 1893, 2014. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
21. Kahan FM. et al.: The mechanism of action of fosfomycin (phosphonomycin). Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 235, 364, 1974.
22. Karageorgopoulos D.E. et al.: Fosfomycin: evaluation of the published evidence on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 67, 255, 2012. [Web of Science][CrossRef]
23. Keating G.M.: Fosfomycin trometamol: a review of its use as a single-dose oral treatment for patients with acute lower urinary tract infections and pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Drugs., 73, 1951, 2013. [CrossRef][Web of Science]
24. Ko K.S. et al.: In vitro activity of fosfomycin against ciprofloxacinresistant or extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine and blood. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 58, 111, 2007. [CrossRef][Web of Science]
25. Lepe J.A. et al.: In vitro and intracellular activities of fosfomycin against clinical strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 43, 135, 2014. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
26. Livermore D.M. et al.: What remains against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae? Evaluation of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, fosfomycin, minocycline, nitrofurantoin, temocyllin and tigecycline. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 37, 415, 2011. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
27. Lu C.L. et al.: Antimicrobial susceptibilities of commonly encountered bacterial isolates to fosfomycin determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion methods. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 55, 4295, 2011. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
28. Mazzei T. et al.: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 28, 35, 2006. [CrossRef]
29. Michalopoulos A.S., Livaditis I.G., Gougoutas V.: The revival of fosfomycin. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 15, 732, 2011.[Web of Science] [CrossRef]
30. Michalopoulos A. et al.: Intravenous fosfomycin for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in critically ill patients: a prospective evaluation. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 16, 184, 2010. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
31. Pontikis K. et al.: Outcomes of critically ill intensive care unit patients treated with fosfomycin for infections due to pandrugresistant and extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 43, 52, 2014. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
32. Poulakou G. et al.: Current and future treatment options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Future. Microbiol., 9, 1053, 2014. [CrossRef]
33. Raz R.: Fosfomycin: an old-new antibiotic. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 18, 4, 2012. [CrossRef]
34. Reffert J.L., Smith W.J.: Fosfomycin for the treatment of resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Insights from the society of infectious diseases pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy., 34, 845, 2014. [CrossRef] [Web of Science]
35. Ruxer J. et al.: Fosfomycin, co-trimoxazole and nitrofurantoin in the treatment of recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Wiad. Lek., 60, 235, 2007.
36. Sultan A. et al.: Increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens: is fosfomycin the answer? Urol. Ann., 7, 26, 2015. [CrossRef]
37. Trubiano J.A. et al.: The prevention and management of infections due to multidrug resistant organisms in haematology patients. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 79, 195, 2015. [Web of Science] [CrossRef]
38. Wang A. et al.: Urinary tract infections. Prim. Care., 40, 687, 2013. [CrossRef]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
