Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
ISSN: 2084-980X e-ISSN: 2300-6676 Frequency: Quarterly SUBMISSIONS - Authors should submit their articles to the journal Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences via the editorial platform. Click to log in Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences is a peer-reviewed, open-access quarterly journal dedicated to disseminating high-quality research and fostering scholarly discussion in the fields of pharmaceutical and medical sciences. The journal is published by the Medical University of Lublin (Poland) and actively promotes interdisciplinary collaboration between basic, clinical, and applied research areas. Indexing and Evaluation For the year 2024, Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences has achieved the following citation metrics: Impact Factor - 0.70 Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) - 0.223 According to Index Copernicus, the Index Copernicus Value (ICV) for 2024 is 149.00. The journal has been awarded 70 points in the list of scientific journals published by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) fruit extract against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from clinical samples
While antibiotics remain foundational in treating microbial infections, their overuse has accelerated the emergence and global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition of a concentrated blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) extract and evaluate its antimicrobial potential against clinical MDR strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae. Phytochemical quantification was performed using spectrophotometric, titrimetric, and HPLC analyses, while antimicrobial activity was determined via the well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The blackberry extract contained 0.54% total phenolic compounds and 4.60% organic acids; in comparison, a green tea leaf extract exhibited higher phenolic content (10.10%) but lower organic acids (1.60%). The total anthocyanin content of the blackberry extract was 159.81 mg/100 g, with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (134.56 ± 0.10 mg/100 g) identified as the predominant constituent. In silico molecular docking studies indicated that neither individual antibiotics nor isolated anthocyanins could effectively inhibit the full array of resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, in vitro assays demonstrated that the whole blackberry extract significantly inhibited the growth of all tested MDR strains. These integrated findings suggest that combating complex MDR pathogens requires a multi-target strategy. The broad-spectrum efficacy of the crude extract, likely arising from synergistic interactions among its constituents, underscores the potential of complex phytochemical preparations. Such natural formulations represent a promising avenue for the development of novel antimicrobial agents and may offer a viable strategy to restore the efficacy of existing antibiotics through adjunctive therapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Artem Marchenko, Mykola Komisarenko, Olexander Maslov, Svitlana Ponomarenko, Plys Dmytro, Tatyana Osolodchenko, Sergii Kolisnyk (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazoline derivatives for antidepressant activity
Pyrazolines constitute a class of privileged scaffolds in modern medicinal chemistry, particularly as central nervous system-active agents, and several pyrazoline-based drugs are used to treat various neurological disorders. In the present study, a series of pyrazoline derivatives bearing different substituents at the 2- and 4-positions were subjected to molecular docking against the human serotonin transporter (PDB ID: 5I6X). Based on the docking results, selected Mannich bases of 3-(heteroaryl)-5-(4-substituted aryl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles were prioritized for synthesis using substituted anilines and formaldehyde. Reaction progress was monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Structural characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed using IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in accordance with OECD guideline No. 425 to determine the LD₅₀ values. The antidepressant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using the forced swim test, and statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. Compound 2b (percentage change in immobility time: -37.51%), followed by compound 2f (-36.91%) and compound 2e (-36.64%), exhibited significant antidepressant activity at a dose of 10 mg/kg, as evidenced by a marked reduction in immobility time. Structure–activity relationship analysis indicated that the presence of electron-withdrawing groups, such as chloro, bromo, and nitro substituents, at the 2- and/or 4-positions of the phenyl ring at the 5-position of the pyrazoline moiety, as well as on the aniline side chain, enhanced the antidepressant potential of the compounds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dinesh Rishipathak, Komal Ushir, Pavan Udavant, Rahul Sable, Tushar Lokhande (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial properties of selected glucose derivatives
A multistep synthetic route was developed for the preparation of a diazido compound starting from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside 1. The synthesis began with protection of the C-4 and C-6 hydroxyl groups using a benzylidene protecting group. Compound 2 was subsequently reacted under phase-transfer conditions with bis (2-chloroethyl) ether to afford the bis-chloro derivative 3. Compound 3 was then converted into a more effective leaving-group derivative, namely the iodide compound 4 . Finally, nucleophilic substitution of the iodide groups with azide ions was carried out by reacting compound 4 with sodium azide in dimethylformamide, yielding the target diazido derivative 5. In addition, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against both tested strains. Structural characterization of all synthesized compounds was performed using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR).
Copyright (c) 2025 Hawraa M. Sadiq (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Gastroprotective effect of an Algerian hydroalcoholic Punica granatum L. peel extract against ethanol/HCl-induced gastric mucosal injury in Wistar rats
Ulceration represents a significant pathological condition, and research into effective treatment is imperative. The present study sought to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of pomegranate hydroalcoholic peel extract (PGPE) on an ulcer model induced by acidified ethanol (HCl/ethanol) in Wistar rats. The experimental animals were divided into six groups. Group 1 was a negative control that was treated with distilled water. Group two was utilized as the positive control, receiving a treatment of acidified ethanol (20/80; v/v) with the objective of inducing ulceration. Groups three to six were administered 0.75, 1.50, and 3.0 g/kg of PGPE, along with 0.10 g/kg of omeprazole, which served as the reference pharmaceutical agent. Rats were administered acidified ethanol via oral gavage one hour later. A substantial increase in pH and an increase in gastric mucus were observed, accompanied by a decrease in gastric mucosal damage, in animals fed with PGPE. The histopathological results indicated significant destruction of the gastric mucosa in the ulcer control group. However, gastroprotective effects were observed in rats pretreated with plant extract. Current research suggests that PGPE has potential antiulcer effects, possibly through its high antioxidant activity, possibly due to its bioactive constituents. The results obtained from this study offer valuable insights into the nutritional composition of the products under scrutiny. It is recommended that further preclinical and clinical trials be conducted to evaluate the natural active agents and effectiveness of this plant.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadia Zeghad, Mahmoud Hefny Gad, Aicha Madi, Ejaz Ahmed, Halmi Sihem, Abdelmalik Belkhiri (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Current trends and prospects for the development of sports nutrition worldwide and in Ukraine
Sports nutrition (SN) represents a dynamically developing segment of the global food and dietary supplement market, driven by increasing interest in physical activity and healthy lifestyles. The study aimed to analyze current trends in the development of the sports nutrition market worldwide and in Ukraine, using the AthleteMarket retail network as a case study. The research was based on a review of specialized scientific literature, market reports, and an analysis of the product assortment offered by the AthleteMarket online store in 2021. Systemic, comparative, statistical, and graphical methods were applied. The global sports nutrition market demonstrates steady growth, with an average annual growth rate estimated at 8.1-11.0% and a projected value of up to USD 90 billion. The Ukrainian sports nutrition market is characterized by a high level of import dependence, with foreign manufacturers accounting for approximately 90.0% of available products. Analysis of the AthleteMarket assortment revealed the predominance of protein-based products and fat burners, with solid dosage forms (powders, capsules, tablets) representing 96.0% of the total range. Flavor variety remains an important factor for consumers, with vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry being the most common options. The AthleteMarket franchise model presents opportunities for business expansion within Ukraine. The sports nutrition market continues to expand globally and nationally, creating favorable conditions for further development. In Ukraine, market growth offers potential opportunities for domestic manufacturers and franchise-based retail expansion; however, further research and regulatory support are required to promote the rational use of sports nutrition products.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alla Nemchenko, Viktoriia Mishchenko, Olena Vynnyk, Yuliia Kurylenko, Natalia Teterich (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Investigation the autoantibodies, IL-17 and IL-22 in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a prevalent and progressive autoimmune disease worldwide, associated with substantial medical, psychological, and economic burdens. To evaluate the role of rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the development of RA, and to assess their association with disease activity and response to treatment. A case-control study was conducted involving 150 participants, including 120 patients with RA diagnosed by a specialist according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of RF, ACPA, IL-17, and IL-22 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significantly higher serum levels of RF and ACPA were observed in patients with RA compared with the control group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified a cut-off value of 22.95 U/mL for RF, with 97.4% sensitivity and 90% specificity, and a cut-off value of 22.45 U/mL for ACPA, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were also significantly increased in patients with RA compared with controls. ROC analysis revealed cut-off values of 26.86 pg/mL for IL-17 and 30.16 pg/mL for IL-22, both showing high statistical significance. Stratification according to disease severity and treatment type demonstrated that IL-17 and IL-22 levels were significantly higher in patients at stage 4 and in untreated patients compared with those at earlier disease stages and those receiving chemical, biological, or combination therapies. The present study demonstrates that RF and ACPA levels are significantly elevated in patients with RA and exhibit high diagnostic accuracy based on optimal cut-off values. In addition, IL-17 and IL-22 levels are markedly increased, particularly in patients with advanced disease and those who are untreated. These findings indicate a strong association between elevated autoantibody and cytokine levels, disease severity, and treatment response, supporting their potential utility as biomarkers in the clinical management of RA.
anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)
Copyright (c) 2025 Wijdan Abdulameer Faihan, Mayada F. Darweesh (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Interaction between TNF inhibitors and serum IL-17 levels and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis
This study aimed to assess the central role of the immunological marker interleukin-17 (IL-17) and to investigate the interaction between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and serum IL-17 levels in relation to susceptibility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum samples were collected from three groups: patients with RA receiving TNF inhibitor therapy, patients with newly diagnosed (early) RA, and healthy controls. Serum IL-17 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum IL-17 concentrations were significantly higher in RA patients treated with TNF inhibitors compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). Based on the present findings, increased serum IL-17 levels in RA patients undergoing TNF inhibitor therapy may indicate a better response to anti-TNF treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Orass Madhi Shaheed, Maryam Yaseen Shaker, Mohauman Mohammed AlRufaie (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Versatile applicability of a new reagent for iron(II) determination in pharmaceutical products, foodstuffs, soil, and water samples
The present study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, and versatile spectrophotometric method for the determination of Fe(II) in pharmaceutical formulations, foodstuffs, water, and soil samples. The synthesis and analytical performance of the proposed method were evaluated. A new organic compound, 4-(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenylazo)antipyrine (4-THPA), was employed as the chromogenic reagent. Among more than 20 investigated metal ions, 4-THPA selectively reacted with iron(II) to form a violet-colored complex. Under optimized experimental conditions, the method exhibited linearity over the concentration range of 0.15-25 μg·mL-1 for Fe(II). The molar absorptivity was calculated to be 9.9 × 10³ L·mol-1·cm-1, and Sandell’s sensitivity was 0.0015 μg·cm-2. The limits of detection and quantification for Fe(II) were 0.021 μg·mL-1 and 0.069 μg·mL-1, respectively. The accuracy, validity, and efficiency of the proposed method were evaluated by analyzing various samples, and the results were compared with those obtained using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. A good agreement between the two methods was observed, confirming that the proposed spectrophotometric method is a reliable and efficient approach for iron determination in diverse sample matrices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marwa N. Ghazi, Nasar A. Naser (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
ABO blood types as a risk factor for severe symptoms of COVID-19 infection
Numerous studies have investigated whether the ABO blood group system influences susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. The association between blood type and COVID-19 is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ABO blood phenotypes and the severity of COVID-19 among Arab populations, with a particular focus on Iraqi patients. To assess the association between ABO blood phenotypes and the occurrence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 731 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by a positive PCR test were included in the study. A control group consisted of healthy volunteers with negative PCR results and no clinical symptoms of COVID-19. In all participants, ABO blood phenotype was determined. In infected patients, disease severity and mortality were evaluated and analyzed in relation to blood group phenotype. Patients with blood group A demonstrated a higher risk of COVID-19 infection compared with non-A blood groups. In contrast, individuals with blood group O showed a significantly lower incidence of COVID-19 infection and reduced disease severity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.686; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.521-0.902). No statistically significant differences were observed for other blood groups. Among critically ill patients, blood group A was associated with a significantly higher mortality rate compared with non-A blood groups (OR = 3.341; 95% CI: 1.416-8.158). Blood group A is associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 manifestations, including pneumonia and mortality, whereas blood group O appears to confer a protective effect against severe disease.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hany A. Al-Hussaniy, Karam Turath Tawfeeq, Ali H. Alburghaif (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Dietary intake of polyphenolic compoundsfrom major food groups: results of analytical determinations
Polyphenols are widely distributed in plants and plant-based foods. Although they are not considered essential nutrients, they exhibit a broad spectrum of biological properties, particularly antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary intake of polyphenolic compounds derived from major food groups among young Polish adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall method supported by dedicated computer software. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to identify major polyphenolic compounds, while the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the DPPH radical scavenging test were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of basic food groups. The primary sources of polyphenolic compounds were fruits, vegetables, and, most notably, beverages – mainly tea – which accounted for over 65% of beverage consumption in both interviewed groups. The predominant phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), quercetin, and rutin. Gallic acid was the main polyphenolic component in daily food rations, with beverages constituting its primary dietary source. Only trace amounts of polyphenols were detected in eggs, fish, oils, milk, and meat products. The antioxidant activity of female diets (682.6 mg GAEq) was slightly higher compared with male food rations (680.04 mg GAEq).
Copyright (c) 2026 Joanna Tokarczyk, Marcin Czop, Wojciech Koch (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Topical medicinesin chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Oncology patients face numerous challenges resulting both from their underlying disease and from the adverse effects of anticancer treatment. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is among the most serious complications associated with chemotherapy. The sensory and motor disturbances observed in the course of CIPN are often progressive and may be irreversible, while severe and chronic pain leads to a substantial reduction in patients’ quality of life (QoL). This narrative review summarizes currently available topical treatment options for CIPN, focusing on substances that have shown potential clinical benefit. The pathogenesis of CIPN remains incompletely understood, and existing treatment strategies are frequently insufficient or associated with significant adverse effects. Consequently, both the prevention and management of CIPN remain important challenges in contemporary medicine. Recently, increasing attention has been directed toward topically administered agents, including formulations based on phenytoin, lidocaine, amitriptyline, capsaicin, cannabinoids, duloxetine, ketamine, and baclofen. These therapies may alleviate neuropathic symptoms and improve QoL without the systemic complications commonly associated with oral or intravenous pharmacotherapy. The use of topical medications may also allow for a reduction in systemic analgesic doses and is often favored due to their more favorable safety profile. Therefore, topical agents should be considered promising therapeutic options aimed at minimizing systemic side effects and optimizing the current pharmacological management of patients with CIPN.
chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Copyright (c) 2026 Karolina Pawelec, Sabina Jóźwiak (Autor); Karolina Iwanicka (Tłumacz); Ewelina Wesołek-Bielaska, Katarzyna Szklener, Slawomir Mandziuk (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Is childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) still a mystery in infants?
Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) comprises a heterogeneous group of several hundred disorders that affect not only the pulmonary interstitium, as suggested by the name, but also other components of the respiratory system. The prevalence of chILD remains unclear and depends largely on the data source. Many patients die before a definitive diagnosis is established, which further complicates the estimation of disease incidence in infants. In recent years, increased recognition of chILD has drawn growing attention within the medical community. As a result, these disorders have been classified into two major groups: those presenting in children younger than 2 years of age and those affecting older children. Nevertheless, the diagnostic process remains highly challenging. These diseases are rare, and their onset during the neonatal period is often associated with high mortality before a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation can be completed. Currently, several therapeutic options for chILD are available; however, none ensures consistent treatment success. Ongoing research is exploring novel therapeutic strategies, including stem cell transplantation, which may offer new hope for improving outcomes and survival in patients with chILD in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martyna A. Śliwińska, Anna Rakuś-Kwiatosz, Tomasz Szawłoga (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Effects of curcumin and its derivatives on a glioma cell line
Glioblastomas are highly invasive brain tumors associated with oxidative stress (OS) and chronic inflammation. Curcumin (CUR), the principal bioactive compound of Curcuma longa, as well as its natural analogues demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), exhibit promising therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of CUR, DMC, and BDMC in an in vitro model using the LN229 glioma cell line. LN229 glioblastoma cells and MO3.13 cells as a non-tumor control were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) under standard conditions. Cells were treated with CUR, DMC, and BDMC for 24 h and 48 h at concentrations selected based on MTT assay results. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, while lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl group levels, respectively, in cell lysates. Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin reduced LN229 cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Curcumin exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, significantly decreasing MDA levels and protein carbonyl content (p < 0.001). Demethoxycurcumin was the most effective compound in reducing protein oxidation after 48 h, whereas bisdemethoxycurcumin increased MDA levels, suggesting a potential pro-oxidative effect. The FRAP assay confirmed a sustained antioxidant capacity of all compounds, particularly at higher concentrations. In conclusion, curcumin and its derivatives demonstrated both antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Among the tested compounds, curcumin showed the most stable and long-lasting antioxidant and cytotoxic effects, indicating its potential therapeutic value in mitigating oxidative stress–related damage in glioma cells.
Copyright (c) 2025 Weronika Wiącek, Dorota Luchowska-Kocot, Anna Horecka (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Molecular docking studies of various bioactive molecules from Withania somnifera against bronchial asthma
Asthma is a complex respiratory disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the bronchial airways. Despite the availability of effective treatments and diagnostic methods, some patients remain symptomatic and exhibit a poor response to conventional asthma therapies. Herbal drugs are considered safe and effective alternative approaches that may target multiple pathogenic pathways involved in asthma. Withania somnifera (WS) is a well-known medicinal plant containing several bioactive compounds and has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of WS bioactive molecules in the treatment of asthma using an in silico screening approach. Six active phytoconstituents (ligands) of WS were docked against two target receptor proteins, namely the glucocorticoid receptor and the β₂-adrenergic receptor, to predict binding energies and binding patterns. The obtained results were compared with those of known ligands of the glucocorticoid and β₂-adrenergic receptors (fluticasone and salbutamol, respectively). Among all docked ligands, withaferin A, withanolide D, and withanolide B exhibited the highest binding affinities (lowest estimated free binding energy of -8.4 kcal/mol) toward the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In contrast, the WS alkaloids tropine and anaferine showed lower affinities, as evidenced by higher binding energy values. Furthermore, withanolide D and withanolide B demonstrated the highest affinity for the β₂-adrenergic receptor among the screened compounds, whereas salbutamol and the plant alkaloids tropine and anaferine exhibited lower affinity toward the β₂-adrenergic receptor compared with the plant withanolides. WS bioactive compounds, particularly withanolides, are predicted to possess multitarget anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator potential. Further experimental validation is warranted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nafaa H. Ali, Khursheed A. Sheikh, Maaz Naqvi, Sana Rehman, Kavita Gulati, Arunabha Ray (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Effect of broiler chicken egg white gel extract (Gallus domesticus) on wound healing durationin male Mus musculus mice
Skin injuries that disrupt soft tissue integrity result in wounds. Wound healing is a complex and prolonged process involving tissue repair and remodeling in response to injury. When skin continuity is lost, its protective and regulatory functions are compromised. Therefore, appropriate wound management and treatment are essential to prevent infection and the development of chronic wounds. This study aimed to compare wound healing duration following incision wounds treated with broiler chicken egg white gel extract. A quasi-experimental study with a post-test control group design was conducted. Two treatment groups were included. In Group I, wounds were cleansed with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, while in Group II, wounds were treated with a broiler chicken egg white gel extract ointment. The results demonstrated a significant difference in wound healing duration between the two groups. Treatment with broiler chicken egg white gel extract (Gallus domesticus) ointment accelerated wound healing more effectively than the control treatment using 0.9% NaCl.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sudarto Sudarto, Ade Heryanto, Muhammad Ifham Hanif, Slamet Slamet (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
The protective effect of vitamin A on Concor induced structural changes of the liver and kidney in adult rats
Concor is a beta-blocker drug used to treat high blood pressure, acute coronary syndrome, and to control the rapid pulse of the heart such as atrial fibrillation. Some of its adverse effects include hepatitis, increased triglycerides and liver enzymes. Monitoring liver and kidney functions in patients with hepatic or renal impairment who are taking concor is recommended. The current study was undertaken to define whether vitamin A could improve structural changes in the liver and kidneys. The 24 rats were grouped into the following. The first group was control. The second group was given Vitamin A (5000 IU). Group 3: given concor at a daily dose of 0.9 mg/kg B. wt. Group IV: received concor (0.9 mg/kg B. wt.) and Vitamin A (5000 IU) orally. After 4 weeks, the kidney of the treated group 3 exhibited degenerative alterations in the glomeruli, enlargement of Bowman’s space and the epithelium of the proximal kidney tubules showed vacuolar degeneration with necrosis. Liver sections showed degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, congestion of the central vein, dilation of sinusoids and inflammatory cell infiltration. Group 4 showed mild degeneration in the glomeruli, expansion of Bowman’s space and mild degeneration of tubular epithelium, and normal architecture of the liver with increased Kupffer cells. From this study, we concluded that concor drug induces structural changes in the liver and kidney and these effects were improved by Vitamin A administration.
Copyright (c) 2023 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
The role of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion in mice
The tendency of a psychostimulant to increase locomotion in rodents is considered to be associated with its addictive properties. Mephedrone, one of the most popular psychoactive substances used recreationally, is known to enhance locomotor activity in mice, but little is known about the potential development of tolerance to its central effects. In the present study, we decided to evaluate the possible involvement of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. Experiments were performed on adult male Albino Swiss mice, and the locomotor activity was measured automatically. Our work indicated that a 5-day administration of L-NAME (25 or 50 mg/kg/day), methylene blue (5 or 10 mg/kg/day), and L-arginine hydrochloride (i.e., 250 mg/kg/day) prevented the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced (5 mg/kg/day) hyperlocomotion, whereas treatment with L-arginine hydrochloride at a dose of 125 mg/kg/day potentiated the development of tolerance to this central effect of mephedrone. Summarizing, our data revealed that the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway contributes to the development of tolerance to mephedrone’s central effects since inhibition of this signalling via blocking of NOS or NO-stimulated sGC prevented the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. As for cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases, most probably they are not involved in these mechanisms.
Legal protection of the human genome – excessive or disproportionate?
Throughout the 20th century, life expectancy in developed countries considerably increased from 40 to 70 years. This stemmed mainly from the technological advancements in medicine that have been taking place since the end of the 19th century. Although the development of contemporary clinical medicine is undoubtedly beneficial to public health, it may also entail certain hazards. Hence, both in international and national law systems one can find legal regulations setting the limits of this development and taking into account the principles of public safety in its contemporary understanding. Both the human being as a whole and the human genome are protected de jure. The article attempts to answer the question whether the currently binding genome regulations are excessive or disproportionate. The authors use the dogmatic-legal and the theoretical-legal methods in the study. The article ends with conclusions.
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Attitudes towards vaccinations in selected medical groups in Poland
The purpose of the study was to determine attitudes of medical staff and medical students towards vaccinations and to understand their needs and expectations regarding the popularization of vaccinations in the population. Forty semi-structured individual in-depth interviews were conducted in two groups, each with 20 interviews. The respondents were selected purposefully from all over Poland using the snowball method. The study revealed that more than a half of interviewed physicians (7 out of 13), half of all nurses (2 out of 4), and 1 out of 3 midwives observed views among healthcare workers that are inconsistent with current knowledge about the vaccinations that they are required to talk to their patients about. This suggests the need for medical staff to continually update their knowledge about vaccinations. Moreover, while medical and nursing students regarded vaccinations as effective and safe, almost all of medical students (9 out of 10) and all interviewed nursing students (10 out of 10) believed that their knowledge about vaccinations was limited. Students proposed introducing one subject devoted exclusively to vaccinations, the aim of which is to systematize knowledge in this field. In addition, vaccination education should be integrated across all study groups to enhance the societal health outcomes. What is more, healthcare professionals should be afforded opportunities to participate in training programs designed to update and expand their knowledge about vaccinations. The study suggests that there is a need to broaden the healthcare workers’ competencies in effectively communicating with patients who hold unscientific views on vaccinations. Medical and nursing curricula should include a dedicated course focusing exclusively on vaccinations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Monitoring of patients with concomitant diseases post coronavirus infection
This survey study presents data on the prevalence of, and the risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 complications for surviving patients with concomitant diseases during and after months of infection by coronavirus. A prospective, questionnaire-based study was conducted from May 2021 to June 2022. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 in 62 countries completed the online survey or did so during visits to hospitals and health centers. Individuals who recovered from COVID-19 were asked about their symptoms, adverse effects and adverse drug reactions. They were also asked if their concomitant diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular illness, asthma and GIT diseases) were affected after infection and if they had an uncontrolled treatment regimen. The severity of COVID was studied and the correlation coefficient to uncontrolled concomitant diseases was analyzed. Overall, 844 patients (44% female, 56% male) were assessed, and the highest percentage were suffering from long-term cough, dyspnea, constipation and uncontrolled concomitant diseases. A high significantly positive correlation between the severity of COVID infection and uncontrolled concomitant diseases was recorded. Many patients with mild to severe disease presentation reported persistent symptoms months later. Long-term complications to the lungs, heart, vascular system, kidneys, as well as metabolic disruption appear as uncontrolled treatment regimens for surviving COVID-19 patients.
The role of microsurgical flaps in the treatment of burn patients – a single center experience
Severe burns and electrical injuries pose significant challenges in reconstructive surgery, particularly when vital structures such as joints, tendons, nerves and bones are involved. Effective and timely coverage is essential to minimize complications and improve outcomes. The treatment approach includes methods such as conservative treatment, skin grafts, skin substitutes, local flaps and microsurgical free flaps. Each method has its limitations, especially in compromised tissues, where microsurgical flaps are most suitable. These are rarely used initially in burn treatment, but are more commonly employed in secondary reconstruction to address defects from scar contracture release. Microsurgical flaps offer better functional outcomes and a reduced risk of recurrent contractures compared to skin grafts or local flaps. They are a promising solution for severe burns, but pose a significant challenge to the surgeon. This is because microsurgical failure rates are higher in burn patients due to systemic inflammation affecting haemodynamics and haemostasis. Over the last 6 years, 10 microsurgical free flaps have been performed in burn patients at the East Centre of Burns Treatment and Reconstructive Surgery in Łęczna. The aim of this article is to describe our experience with microsurgical reconstruction in burns and to present a review the available literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zofia Malgorzata Gorecka, Maciej Laczyk, Marek Majewski, Sergey Antonov, Agnieszka Surowiecka, Tomasz Korzeniowski, Hubert Opalinski, Kamil Torres, Jerzy Struzyna (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Alimentary protein deficiency aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction in animals with acetaminophen-induced kidney injury
We investigated the indicators of kidney function, the degree of ROS-mediated damage to lipids and proteins of mitochondria, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the I and II complexes of the respiratory chain enzymes in animals with APAP-induced kidney damage and alimentary protein deficiency. Accordingly, in rats with APAP kidney toxic injury against protein deficiency, one of the mechanisms of impaired kidney function is the activation of oxidative damage to mitochondrial biomolecules. This is followed by a dysfunction of mitochondrial complexes I (NADH dehydrogenase: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and II (succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase), and leads to histopathological changes in the kidney structure. Our work demonstrated that protein deficiency in the diet is a critical factor in determining the degree of structural and functional changes in the kidneys in animals with APAP kidney injury. The obtained results substantiate the rationale for assessing the organism’s supply of protein when developing a plan for nephrotoxicity management in patients with an acute acetaminophen overdose.
Biofilm production and antibiotic resistance profilesof coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolatedfrom hospitalized patients
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as significant opportunistic pathogens, particularly in hospital settings where they are increasingly implicated in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Biofilm formation and colonization on medical devices represents a pivotal determinant in the pathogenesis of CoNS infections, allowing them to adhere to both biotic and abiotic surfaces, evade immune responses and withstand antimicrobial treatments. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of biofilm formation among CoNS and examine its impact on antibiotic resistance using a modified microtiter plate method in clinical samples. Our findings reveal a 100% prevalence of biofilm formation among CoNS isolates, with strong biofilm in 43.33% of strains, moderate biofilm in 20%, and weak biofilm in the remainder. Among the strong biofilm-producing strains, 92.31% exhibited the MRCoNS resistance phenotype and 79.92% showed the cMLSb resistance phenotype. These results illustrate the growing threat posed by biofilm-forming CoNS to modern medicine and highlight the urgent need to develop advanced methods for combating biofilm-producing bacteria.
Steroid therapy for Graves ophthalmopathy
Graves' disease (GD) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the thyroid gland, but it also impacts other organs, notably the eyes. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), an autoimmune condition associated with GD, affects the tissues behind the eyes, leading to inflammation and tissue remodeling. Risk factors for GO include radioactive iodine therapy, untreated hyperthyroidism, smoking and high serum TSH-receptor antibody levels. Management strategies involve various approaches, including pharmacological treatments such as glucocorticoids. High-dose systemic glucocorticoids are particularly effective in treating moderate to severe and active GO. This review was undertaken to consolidate current evidence on steroid therapy for GO, exploring the nuances of different administration routes, dosages and the potential need for second-line treatments. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, this review aims to enhance clinicians' understanding of steroid therapy in GO, highlight gaps in current knowledge, and propose areas for future research.
Methodological approaches for inducing diabetes-like metabolic conditions in zebrafish larvae
Zebrafish represent a widely used model for studying metabolic disorders due to their genetic similarity to humans, low cost of breeding and suitability for high-throughput screening. This review presents current methodological approaches for inducing diabetes-like metabolic conditions in zebrafish larvae, focusing on both glucose-based exposure (immersion in high-glucose solutions) and chemical induction methods using compounds such as streptozotocin and alloxan. The main advantages and limitations of each protocol are summarized, including variations in exposure duration, developmental stage and compound concentration. Standardized and validated protocols remain crucial for enhancing comparability across studies and for enabling reliable preclinical testing of antidiabetic compounds. The zebrafish larval model continues to offer a promising and flexible system for investigating the mechanisms underlying diabetes and related metabolic dysfunctions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Mitochondrial TSPO as a target for metabolic syndrome interventions
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane that plays a crucial role in mitochondrial transport, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and ensuring normal cell function. TSPO has beneficial effects in regulating various pathophysiological processes, including the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, steroid synthesis and microglial function. The use of TSPO ligands in different experimental settings has led to their translation to clinical trials for treating neurological and psychiatric diseases. Since TSPO drug ligands influence numerous local processes, such as adipokine secretion, glucose metabolism and adipogenesis, TSPO may represent a promising therapeutic target with potential application for metabolic syndrome. From a clinical perspective, targeting mitochondrial metabolism to modulate energy homeostasis is a promising strategy for developing new antidiabetic or anti-obesity drugs. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of TSPO and its potential as a therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome.
Navigating the uncharted territory of aggressive maxillary sinus cancer: insights from a singular case
Maxillary sinus carcinoma (MSC) is a rare malignancy characterized by diagnostic and therapeutic complexity, often presenting late in its clinical course. This report details a unique and aggressive case of MSC in a 57-year-old male. Despite prompt multimodal treatment, including surgery, radiochemotherapy (RCTH) and sequential lines of palliative chemotherapy (CTH), the disease demonstrated rapid progression and resistance to standard therapies. Management was guided by a patient-centered approach, emphasizing shared decision-making in light of the patient’s clinical trajectory and quality-of-life considerations. This case highlights the challenges of treating aggressive MSC and underscores the necessity for individualized care strategies in managing rare and refractory head and neck cancers.
Survey of pharmacist’ opinion and knowledge on Adverse Drug Reactions reporting in Poland
Reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is an extremely important procedure that affects patient safety. ADR reporting is the responsibility of every medical professional, including pharmacists. In the research, the aim of this study is to verify if pharmacists in Poland are ready to report adverse drug reactions. The research has been conducted via survey questionnaire within the tricity of Gdynia, Sopot and Gdańsk. The questionnaire consisted of thirteen questions, and every pharmacist with license to practice was allowed to participate in this study. The results indicate that Polish pharmacists assess their level of knowledge about reporting side effects at a moderate level. This may be due to the low popularity of training in this area. Moreover, the staff of community pharmacies have a lower perception of their level of knowledge about reporting ADR than do employees of hospital pharmacies and other related places (p<0.001). In addition, hospital pharmacists have more experience in ADR than those employed in community pharmacies, and pharmacists with a specialist title are more aware of the obligation to report ADR (p=0.023). Patients very rarely report side effects to pharmacists and this is indicated as the main reason for the lack of ADR reporting by this professional group. We conclude that pharmacists in Poland are not ready to report ADR, and more training is necessary.
Harnessing machine learning for predictive pharmacokinetics: revolutionizing drug development and personalized medicine
Despite extensive existing literature on the role of machine learning (ML) in pharmacokinetics and drug development, there remains a gap in understanding its real-world implementation challenges, especially across diverse populations. This review aims to bridge this gap by focusing on specific case studies that illustrate the practical impact of ML on addressing the limitations of traditional pharmacokinetic (PK) methods. By leveraging large datasets and sophisticated algorithms, ML techniques provide improved predictions of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes, offering an individualized approach to patient care. Unlike traditional PK modeling, ML allows for the handling of large-scale, multidimensional data, improving the prediction accuracy for diverse patient populations. This review delves into recent advancements in ML applications for PK, emphasizing their impact on early-stage drug discovery, dose optimization, and tailoring personalized treatment plans. Specific case studies illustrate the advantages of ML over conventional approaches, particularly in addressing the variability in drug responses among patients. The challenges and opportunities of using ML in PK modeling are discussed, highlighting the potential of these techniques to revolutionize pharmaceutical sciences.
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME)
Monte carlo simulation implementationto investigate uncertainty in exposure modeling
This study used Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to examine the influence of uncertainty on an exposure model and to determine whether a difference exists between workers groups in asbestos wastes transportation and decontamination process. Data on work practices and conditions were gathered in interviews with long-serving employees and pilot monitoring process at the asbestos contaminated sites. With the use of previously developed deterministic modeling techniques and likely distributions for model parameters, MC simulations generated exposure profiles for the two monitored job conditions. The exposure profiles overlapped considerably, although the average estimated exposure for one job site was approximately double that of the other. However, when the correlation between the model parameters in the two sites was considered, it was concluded that there was a significant difference in the estimates. Models are increasingly being used to estimate exposure. Different work situations inevitably result in different exposure estimates. However, it is difficult to determine whether such differences in estimated exposure between worker groups are simply the result of uncertainty with respect to the model parameters or whether they reflect real differences between occupational groups. This study demonstrates the value of MC simulation in helping define the uncertainty in deterministic model estimates.
Copyright (c) 2011 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/