Czynniki wpływające na rozwój umiejętności myślenia krytycznego wśród studentów pielęgniarstwa – integracyjny przegląd piśmiennictwa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/pielxxiw-2022-0021Słowa kluczowe:
myślenie krytyczne, studenci pielęgniarstwa, opieka pielęgniarska, edukacja pielęgniarskaAbstrakt
CZYNNIKI WPŁYWAJĄCE NA ROZWÓJ UMIEJĘTNOŚCI MYŚLENIA KRYTYCZNEGO WŚRÓD STUDENTÓW PIELĘGNIARSTWA – INTEGRACYJNY PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
Cel pracy. Przegląd i analiza dostępnych prac skupiających się wokół czynników wpływających na rozwój myślenia krytycznego studentów kierunku pielęgniarstwo.
Materiał i metodyka. Przegląd integracyjny artykułów opublikowanych w latach 2011- 2021 dostępnych w elektronicznych bazach danych PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science oraz EBSCO. Przeszukiwanie oparto na słowach kluczowych „critical thinking”, „nursing, nursing care”, „nursing education”, które łączono operatorami logiki Boole`a „and” i „or”.
Wyniki. Istnieje wiele czynników ważnych dla rozwoju umiejętności krytycznego myślenia. Powszechne metody nauczania promujące rozwój krytycznego myślenia stanowią aktywne strategie uczenia się, mapowanie pojęć, symulacje, metody uczenia się oparte na problemach, studia przypadków oraz metody nauczania oparte na dowodach. Wyróżnia się również czynniki kulturowe oraz czynniki indywidualne, takie jak empatia, inteligencja emocjonalna oraz zachowania opiekuńcze, które wykazują istotną zależność z myśleniem krytycznym.
Wnioski. Krytyczne myślenie stanowi ważną metakompetencję dla pielęgniarek. Przyczynia się do właściwego gromadzenia informacji o pacjencie, ich selekcji i trafnego formułowania diagnoz, rozwoju umiejętności rozwiązywania problemów i podejmowania decyzji, poprawia komunikację z pacjentem. Analiza literatury tematycznej pozwoliła na wskazanie czynników mających wpływ na myślenie krytyczne
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