Long-term effects of reproductive period on mineralized tissues (bones and teeth) in peri- and postmenopausal women

Authors

  • Dominika Piątek Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author
  • Teresa Bachanek Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author
  • Magdalena Klijer Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author
  • Renata Chałas Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2016-0023

Keywords:

dental caries, dental prophylaxis, health care

Abstract

Introduction. Reproductive period in women begins with the occurrence of the first menstruation and ends with the cessation thereof. The latter occurs at different age of women, depending on many factors such as race, geographical or living conditions and so on. At this time, many processes affect the condition of mineralized tissues in a woman’s body. 

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of reproductive period (fertility, lactation, age of menopause) on the parameters of bone tissue and hard tissues of teeth in peri- and postmenopausal women. 

Material and methods. The study involved 112 women aged 45-74 years. There was conducted a survey and a clinical study. Patients were asked about the number of pregnancies and offspring, the duration of lactation in case of each child, the age at which the menopause occurred. Periods of pregnancies and lactation were recorded in months. The bone mineral density, the number of teeth present in the mouth were also evaluated, and the DMFT index was calculated. 

Results. In the studied groups of women a significant correlation between the bone mineral density and the T-score and the age at which menopause occurred was observed. Also, a significant correlation between the number of offspring and the number of the DMFT index, the number of offspring and component MT of the DMFT index and the number of offspring and the number of teeth present in the mouth during the study. A significant positive correlation between the duration of pregnancies and lactation and the DMFT index, the component MT and the number of teeth present in the mouth during the study, was observed. 

Conclusions. In the studied population of peri- and postmenopausal women, a possible impact of reproductive period on the parameters of the state of the bones and teeth – the longer the total duration of pregnancy and breastfeeding and early age of onset of menopause concerned worse parameters of mineralized tissues – with the higher number of DMFT index and lower bone mineral density were observed. 

References

1. Holzer J. Demografia. Warszawa: PWE;2006.

2. Ainy E, Ghazi AA, Azizi F. Changes in calcium, 25(OH) vitamin D3 and other biochemical factors during pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29:303.

3. Benson RC. Położnictwo i ginekologia. Warszawa: PZWL;1988.

4. Edels PJ, Habets LL, Netelenbos JS. The relation between periodontitis and systemic bonemass in women between 46-55year of age. J Clin Peri­odontol. 1992;19(7):492-6.

5. Hildebolt CF. Osteoporosis and oral bone loss. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1997;26(1):3-15.

6. Heersche IN, Bellows GG, Ishida Y. The decrease in bone mass associated with aging andmenopause. J Prosthet Dent. 1998;79(1):14-6.

7. Mahammad AR, Bauer RL, Yeh CK. Spinal bone and tooth loss in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Int I Prosthodont. 1997;10(4):381-5.

8. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A et al. Long-term risk of osteoporotic frac­ture in Malmo. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11:669.

9. Badurski J. Ważniejsza jest ocena ryzyka złamania kości niż wypełnianie kryteriów rozpoznania osteoporozy. Zapowiedź istotnych zmian w diag­nostyce i decyzji leczniczej. Med Spot. 2000;4(Supl.1):127-34.

10. Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy NIH Consensus De­volopment Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. JAMA. 2001;285(6):785-94.

11. Gallagher JC. Effect of early menopause on bone mineral density and frac­tures. Menopause. 2007;14(3):567-71.

12. Pouillès JM, Trémollières F, Bonneu M, Ribot C. Influence of early age at menopause on vertebral bone mass. J Bone Miner Res. 1994;9(3):311-5.

13. Francucci CM, Romagni P, Camilletti A, et al. Effect of natural early men­opause on bone mineral density. Maturitas. 2008;59(4):323-8.

14. Seeman E, Cooper ME, Hopper JL, et al. Effect of early menopause on bone mass in normal women and patients with osteoporosis. Am J Med. 1988;85(2):213-6.

15. Sowers MF, Scholl T, Harris L, Jannausch M. Bone loss in adolecsent and adult pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96(2):189-93.

16. Ulrich U, Miller PB, Eyre DR, et al. Bone remodeling and bone mineral density during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2003;268:309-16.

17. More C, Bhattoa HP, Bettembuk P, Balogh A. The effects of pregnancy and lactation on hormonal status and biochrmical markers of bone turnover. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003;106:209-13.

18. Paton LM, Alexander JL, Nowson CA, et al. Pregnancy and lactation have no long-term deleterious effect on measures of bone mineral in healthy women: a twin study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:707.

19. Karlsson MK, Ahlborg HG, Karlsson C. Maternity and bone mineral den­sity. Acta Orthop. 2005;76(1):2-13.

20. Liel Y, Atar D, Ohana N. Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: preliminary densitometric evidence of extremely rapid recovery of bone mineral den­sity. South Med J. 1998;91:33-5.

21. Sharami SH, Millani F, Alizadeh A, et al. Risk factors of osteoporosis in women over 50 years of age: a population based study in the north of Iran. J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc. 2008;99(1):38-44.

22. Hillier TA, Rizzo J, Pedula KL, et al. Nulliparity and fracture risk in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Min Res. 2001;16(Supl. 1):212.

23. Cure-Cure C, Cure-Ramirez P, Teran E, et al. Bone mass peak in multi­parity and reduced risk of bone-fractures in menopause. Int. J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002;76:285-91.

24. Nguyen TV, Jones G, Sambrook PN, et al. Effects of estrogen exposure and reproductive factors on bone mineral density and osteoporotic frac­tures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:2709-14.

25. Michaelsson K, Baron JA, Farahmand BY, et al. Influence of parity and lactation on hip fracture risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:1166-72.

26. Bałczewska E. Analiza stanu uzębienia u kobiet z chorobami przyzębia i obniżoną gęstością mineralną kości. Czas Stomat. 2005,58(12):863-70.

27. Kunchur R, Goss AN. The oral health status of patients on oral bishospho­nates for osteoporosis. Aust Dent J. 2008;53(4):354-7.

28. Drozdowska B, Pluskiewicz W, Michno M. Tooth count inederly women in relation to their skeletal status. Maturitas. 2006;55:126-31.

29. Kribbs PJ, Smith DE, Chesnut CH III. Oral findings in osteoporosis. Part 2: reletionship between residual ridge and alveolar bone resorption and generalized skeletalosteopenia. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50:719-24.

30. Piątek D, Bachanek T, Zubrzycka-Wróbel J. Tooth loss and bone min­eral density among postmenopausal women. Curr Iss Pharm Med Sci. 2013;26(3):347-50.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-20

Issue

Vol. 126 No. 3 (2016): Polish Journal of Public Health

Section

Artykuły

License

Copyright (c) 2016 Polish Journal of Public Health

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.