Islet GAD autoantibodies in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
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https://doi.org/10.12923/Keywords:
GAD autoantibody, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, latent autoimmunologic diabetes of adults (LADA)Abstract
Introduction. Autoagression against islet cells is characterized by a presence of anti‑insulin antibodies and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), as well as other autoantigens. The marker with the highest diagnostic value in adults is GADA which helps diagnose the so-called latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).
Aim of the study. To establish the prevalence and concentrations of GADA in groups of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Material. 48 (26F; 22M) patients aged from 34 to 74, mean 54.8±10.4 years.
Methods. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the standards set by the Polish Diabetes Association. GADA was determined by radioimmunologic assay using the GAD-AB kit with CIS reagents. A level over 1U/ml was accepted as positive.
Results. The presence of GADA at concentration >1U/ml was found in 20 (41.7%) [12F; 8M]. In this group high titers characterized only 2 men (4.2% of the whole group and 10% of patients with positive GADA) and they were 16.8 and 64.5 U/ml, respectively. In the remaining 18 pateints [37.5%] (11F; 7M), GADA concentrations were only slightly elevated and they were between 1.01 and 2.0 U/ml (mean 1.21±0.2 U/ml). In 13 patients (27.1%) [8F; 5M] GADA levels were between 0.3 and 1.0 U/ml (mean 0.74±0.23). In the remaining 15 patients (31.2%) [7F; 8M] GAD antibodies were not found.
Conclusions. In the majority of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were found in low titers.
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