Acute complications of diabetes – the present state of knowledge. Part III. Lactic acidosis
Keywords:
lactic acidosis, diabetes, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, standards of treatmentAbstract
Nowadays, lactic acidosis (LA) is a rather rare acute hyperglycemic diabetic complication, which complicates the course of the disease and increases the mortality rate. The most frequent cause of developing LA in patients with diabetes is tissue anoxia or ischaemia, to which patients with diabetes are extremely prone. The course of LA is still associated with poor prognosis and increased blood lactate concentration is one of the best predictors of the fatal outcome in the critical care units. LA is also a well recognized complication of biguanide therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. The basis for diagnosis is severe metabolic acidosis with elevated anion gap exceeding 16 mEq/L with a blood lactate concentration > 5.0 mmol/L. The study presents the current state of knowledge about LA concerning epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and particularly current standards of treatment.
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