Changes in the content and chemical composition of sweet basil essential oil under the influence of fertilization of plants with nitrogen and potassium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12923/Keywords:
Ocimum basilicum L., rate of nitrogen and potassium, linalool, eugenol, 1,8-cineoleAbstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to valuable and extremely popular oil plants that are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, perfume, and food industries. The essential oil extracted from the basil herb is characterized by a rich and varied chemical composition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different nitrogen rates (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8g dm-3) and potassium rates (0.4 and 0.8g dm-3) on the content and chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the sweet basil herb. The investigated essential oil of sweet basil was characterized by a rich chemical composition and its dominant compound was linalool. Varied nitrogen and potassium fertilization of the plants contributed to an increase in the quality of the oil extracted from the dried herb. Increasing nitrogen and potassium rates resulted in an increased accumulation of essential oil in the basil herb as well as in a rise in the concentration of methyl eugenol (nitrogen), linalool (partly nitrogen and potassium), 1,8-cineole, and eugenol (potassium). In turn, a reduction in the amount of nitrogen contributed to a decrease in the content of 1,8-cineole, eugenol, and methyl chavicol, while a reduction in the rate of potassium resulted in a clear decline in the concentration of methyl chavicol and methyl eugenol.
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