The effect of perinatal antibiotic prophylaxis on an early onset of symptomatic infections in newborns
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/pielxxiw-2017-0024Keywords:
carriers of the GBS, infection, childbirth, antibiotic treatmentAbstract
THE EFFECT OF PERINATAL ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS ON AN EARLY ONSET OF SYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS IN NEWBORNS
Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive perinatal antibiotic therapy on the occurrence of an early-symptomatic infections in newborns.
Material and Methods. The studied material consisted of data obtained from medical records of 1,328 born alive infants and their mothers. Advanced parameters were described with appropriate numbers, arithmetic means, standard deviation, median as well as minimum and maximum values. The level of statistical significance was p<0.05.
Results. When it comes to 6.62% of newborns, they demonstrated the presence of early signs of infection. The Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection was found in 14 cases, but only in 5 of them pure GBS strains were isolated. E. coli bacteria was reported in 33 neonates, while the other bacteria naming: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 42 newborns. Among 24 newborns showing clinical signs of infection and positive indicators of inflammation in laboratory tests, simultaneously negative results of bacteriological cultures were reported.
Conclusions. In connection with the introduction of an obligation to perform tests for GBS, amount of used antibiotics is increasing. However, the effectiveness of intrapartum antibiotic therapy and its prevalence appear to be unsatisfactory. The color of amniotic fluid may have an impact on the occurrence of intrauterine infection, including early symptoms of the GBS infection.
References
1. Al-Taiar A, Hammoud MS, Thalib L et al. Pattern and etiology of culture proven early-onset neonatal sepsis: a five-year prospective study. Int J Infect Dis. 2011; 15: 631-634.
2. Karthikeyan G, Premkumar K. Neonatal sepsis: Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogen. Indian J Pediatr. 2001; 68: 715-717.
3. Meizoso T, Rivera T, Fernandez-Acenero MJ, et al. Intrauterine candidiasis: report of four cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008; 102: 480-485.
4. Tsai CH, Chen YY, Wang KG, et al. Characteristics of early-onset neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli. Taiwan. J Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 51: 26-30.
5. Kotarski J, Heczko PB, Lauterbach R, i wsp. Rekomendacje Polskiego Towarzystwa Ginekologicznego dotyczące wykrywania nosicielstwa paciorkowców grupy B (GBS) u kobiet w ciąży i zapobiegania zakażeniom u noworodków. Ginekol Pol. 2008; 79: 221-223.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Perinatal group B streptococcal disease after universal screening recommendations-United States, 2003-2005. MMWR. 2007; 56: 701-705.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Trends in perinatal group B streptococcal disease-United States, 2000-2006. MMWR. 2009; 58: 109-12.
8. Goins WP, Talbot TR, Schaner W et al. Adherence to perinatal group B streptococcal prevention guidelines. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 115: 1217-1224.
9. Picard FJ, Bergeron MG. Laboratory detection of group B Streptococcus for prevention of perinatal disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004; 23: 665-671.
10. Schrag S, Gorwitz R, Fultz-Butts K et al. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease. Revised guidelines from CDC. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002; 51: 1-22.
11. Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag SJ. Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease - revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010; 59, 1-36.
12. Dobrowolska-Redo A, Romejko-Wolniewicz E, Zaręba-Szczudlik J, et al. Porównanie przebiegu porodu, wczesnego połogu i okresu noworodkowego w zależności od flory bakteryjnej obecnej w wymazie z dróg rodnych. Perin Neonat i Ginekol. 2013; 6: 73-80.
13. Baker CJ, Barrett FF. Transmission of group B streptococci among parturient women and their neonates. J Pediatr. 1973; 83: 919-925.
14. Barton LL, Feigin RD, Lins R. Group B beta hemolytic streptococcal meningitis in infants. J Pediatr. 1973; 82: 719-723.
15. Boyer KM, Gotoff SP. Prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. N Engl J Med. 1986; 314: 1665-1669.
16. Glasgow TS, Speakman M, Firth S et al. Clinical and economic outcomes for term infants associated with increasing administration of antibiotics to their mothers. Pediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007; 21: 338-346.
17. Valkenburg-van den Berg AW, Houtman-Roelofsen RL, Oostvogel PM, et al. Timing of group B streptococcus screening in pregnancy: a systematic review. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2010; 69: 174-183.
18. Berardi A, Lugli L, Baronciani D, et al. GBS Prevention Working Group of Emilia-Romagna. Group B Streptococcus early-onset disease in Emilia-Romagna: review after introduction of a screening-based approach. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010; 29: 115-121.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
