Słowa kluczowe
opieka zdrowotna
dbanie o siebie
samozarządzanie
Abstrakt
SAMODZIELNE ZARZĄDZANIE CHOROBĄ PRZEWLEKŁĄ: ANALIZA KONCEPCJI
Wstęp. W związku z pandemią koronawirusa mającą swój początek w 2019 roku, która wpłynęła na objęcie opieką pielęgniarską pacjentów przewlekle chorych, samoopieka pacjentów wzrosła dzięki zastosowaniu nowoczesnych technologii. W celu wspierania samodzielnego zarządzania pacjentów chorobą przewlekłą, niezbędne jest przeanalizowanie i wyjaśnienie pojęcia samoopieki przed zastosowaniem go w praktyce.
Metody. Przegląd piśmiennictwa w bazach Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Sage Journals, MEDLINE, Cochrane, biblioteczne bazy danych oraz Google Scholar i COBISS, używając słów kluczowych„koncept”, „samoopieka”, „choroba przewlekła” „pielęgniarka”. Uwzględniono badania metodami jakościowymi, ilościowymi i mieszanymi. Książki i streszczenia związane z wybraną tematyką w języku angielskim zostały zaliczone w poczet piśmiennictwa. Badania zostały uszeregowane zgodnie z hierarchią dowodów. Wykorzystano analizę koncepcji autorstwa Cutcliffe i McKenna.
Wyniki. Spośród 2974 znalezionych badań, 31 zostało włączonych do analizy. Zidentyfikowano siedem atrybutów: ocena sprawności fizycznej i objawów emocjonalnych, reakcja na zmiany, konsultacje z lekarzem, komunikacja, cele, dbałość o skuteczność leczenia, świadomość sytuacji. Do uwarunkowań należą nauka, motywacja, nawyki, kulturowe i religijne wartości, poczucie własnej skuteczności, umiejętność czytania i pisania. Koncepcja konsekwencji obejmuje poprawę wyników klinicznych i jakości życia pacjentów raz zmniejszenie kosztów zdrowia publicznego.
Wnioski. Ponieważ opieka pielęgniarska coraz bardziej skupia się na samodzielnym radzeniu sobie z chorobą, a nie tylko na leczeniu,pacjenci coraz częściej używają różnych technik do samoopieki. Poprzez włączenie tego konceptu w nowoczesną technologię, możemy przyczynić się do opieki nad pacjentem.
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