Słowa kluczowe
model
opieka
opieka skoncentrowana na osobie
Abstrakt
MODELE OPIEKI NAD PACJENTAMI Z DEMENCJĄ STOSOWANE W PRAKTYCE
Cel. Praca przedstawia modele opieki nad pacjentami z demencją stosowane w różnych ośrodkach opieki oraz określa ich skuteczność i wpływ na lepszą jakość życia osób cierpiących na demencję.
Metody. Zastosowano przegląd literatury z wykorzystaniem zasad PRISMA. Publikacje o charakterze naukowym i zawodowym w języku angielskim były wyszukiwane w specjalistycznych bazach: EBSCO HOST, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed oraz Wiley Online Library za pomocą słów kluczowych, a następnie były wybierane według czasu publikacji i innych określonych kryteriów.
Wyniki. Całkowita liczba zidentyfikowanych rekordów wyniosła 1998, z czego do ostatecznego opracowania wybrano 29 publikacji. Określono dwa obszary tematyczne według słów kluczowych oraz strategii wyszukiwania literatury: modele opieki nad osobami z demencją oraz geriatryczne modele opieki. Następnie sformułowano cztery koncepcje zawarte w modelach, które ukazują szczególny charakter i zasady opieki: podejście biopsychospołeczne, praktyka opieki skoncentrowana na osobie, środowisko opieki, oraz Montessori w opiece nad pacjentem z demencją.
Wnioski. Większość przedstawionych modeli zaleca wdrażanie kompleksowej, zintegrowanej i skoncentrowanej na osobie opieki, ukierunkowanej na uhonorowaniu i zintegrowaniu historii życia osoby i jej potrzeb w codziennej pomocy, w odpowiednim i dostosowanym do potrzeb środowisku. Obecnie najbardziej innowacyjny model oparty jest na wdrażaniu metody Montessori w codziennych czynnościach pacjenta.
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