Empatia i współczucie w pielęgniarstwie: przegląd narracyjny działań zapobiegających wypaleniu zawodowemu i wzmacniających odporność psychiczną
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12923/pielxxiw-2026-0040Słowa kluczowe:
współczucie, pielęgniarki, wypalenie zawodowe, zdrowie w miejscu pracy, zmęczenie współczuciemAbstrakt
Cel pracy. Opieka oparta na współczuciu ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla wysokiej jakości opieki zdrowotnej. Empatia i współczucie to kluczowe umiejętności pielęgniarek, jednak ich przejawianie często utrudniają stres, presja czasu i nadmierne obciążenie pracą. Zmęczenie współczuciem może prowadzić do wypalenia zawodowego i obniżenia jakości opieki. Niniejszy przegląd miał na celu zidentyfikowanie skutecznych działań mających na celu poprawę jakości opieki pielęgniarskiej opartej na współczuciu, wspieranie satysfakcji zawodowej pielęgniarek oraz zmniejszenie ryzyka wypalenia zawodowego.
Materiał i metody. Przeprowadziliśmy przegląd narracyjny międzynarodowej literatury (2014-2023) z baz MEDLINE i CINAHL Ultimate, skupiając się na empatii, współczuciu, wypaleniu zawodowym oraz interwencjach pielęgniarskich. Po przeanalizowaniu tytułów, streszczeń i pełnych tekstów artykułów uwzględniono 44 odpowiednie publikacje. Ze względu na zróżnicowanie wyników, zostały one podsumowane w formie narracyjnej.
Wyniki. Praktyki oparte na uważności, terapia poznawczo-behawioralna oraz praktyki refleksyjne skutecznie zmniejszają poziom stresu wśród pielęgniarek. Wsparcie ze strony kierownictwa, pozytywne środowisko pracy oraz wykorzystanie narzędzi cyfrowych dodatkowo poprawiają radzenie sobie ze stresem. Włączenie empatii i regulacji emocjonalnej do programu kształcenia pielęgniarek wzmacnia ich odporność psychiczną i zwiększa satysfakcję z pracy.
Wnioski. Chociaż empatia i współczucie mają kluczowe znaczenie w pielęgniarstwie, mogą one również przyczyniać się do wypalenia zawodowego i zmęczenia współczuciem. Wzmacnianie pozycji pielęgniarek poprzez edukację, dbanie o siebie oraz regulację emocjonalną, wspierane przez zdrowe środowisko pracy i pracę zespołową, ogranicza wypalenie zawodowe, zwiększa satysfakcję z pracy i poprawia jakość opieki nad pacjentami. Prowadzenie badań naukowych ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla utrzymania odporności psychicznej i opieki zdrowotnej opartej na współczuciu na całym świecie.
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 Tina Kamenšek, Marija Milavec Kapun (Author)
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