New drugs in psychiatry - cariprazine, lurasidone, esketamine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2021-0010Keywords:
cariprazine, lurasidone, esketamineAbstract
Introduction: Invariably, the search for an “ideal drug” in psychiatry has been going for years, one that is safe and effective, prevents relapse and shows the least possible side effects.
Material and methods: The aim of this study authors is to draw attention to new drugs used in psychiatry- cariprazine, lurazidone and esketamine, their mechanism of action, dosage, the most common side effects and metabolism. The article reviews the research and works on these drugs available in Google Scholar and PubMed databases and the characteristics of medical products on years 2010-2021.
Results: Cariprazine is a drug registered in Poland for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults since July,13 2017. In the world, it is additionally used in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes in the course of bipolar disorder, depression in the course of bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Lurasidone in Poland is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients and adolescents from 13 years of age. In the world it is also used to treat depression in bipolar disorder, in some cases off-label in the treatment of mania in bipolar disorder and irritability and anger in autism spectrum disorders. Esketamine in nasal spray in combination with an oral antidepressant has been approved in the US for the treatment of depression in adults for whom other antidepressants have not benefited, in Poland, it is also used in such an indication.
Conclusions: The action profile of these drugs, the research to date and the results of treatment with these drugs are very promising. The drugs are safe and well tolerated. However, it is clinical practice that will verify the usefulness and effectiveness of treatment with them and show the effects of long-term therapies with their use.
References
1. Filip M., Gałecki P. Objawy psychotyczne w przebiegu depresji – zasady interwencji terapeutyczne. CNS. 2020;4: 49-59.
2. Citrome L. Cariprazine in Schizophrenia: Clinical Efficacy, Tolerability, and Place in Therapy. Adv Ther. 2013; 30:114-26.
3. Rybakowski J. Pół wieku obserwacji uczestniczącej w psychiatrii. Część III: psychofarmakologia. Psychiatr Pol. 2020;54: 845-864.
4. Stahl SM. Mechanism of action of cariprazine, CNS Spectr. 2016; 21: 123-127.
5. Pinto JV., Saraf G., Vigo D., Keramatian K., Chakrabart, T., Yatham LN. Cariprazine in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Bipolar Disord., 2020;22:360–371.
6. Garnock-Jones KP. Cariprazine: A Review in Schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2017; 31:513-525.
7. Misiak B., Bieńkowski P., Samochowiec J. Kariprazyna – nowy lek przeciwpsychotyczny i jego miejsce w leczeniu schizofrenii. Psychiatr Pol. 2018; 52: 971-981.
8. Citrome L. Cariprazine for bipolar depression: What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Int J Clin Pract. 2019;73:e13397.
9. Scarff JR. The prospects of cariprazine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2017;7:237-239.
10. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/productinformation/reagila-epar-product-information_pl.pdf on May 12, 2021
11. Szulc A., Dudek D., Samochowiec J., Wojnar M., Heitzman J., Gałecki P. Rekomendacje dotyczące leczenia schizofrenii z objawami negatywnymi. Standardy farmakoterapii Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego, część 2. Psychiatr Pol. 2019;53:525-540.
12. McCormack PL. Cariprazine: First Global Approval. Drugs. 2015; 75: 2035-2043.
13. Scarff JR. Cariprazine for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2016; 13:49-52.
14. Bieńkowski P. Kariprazyna — lek przeciwpsychotyczny o profilu częściowego agonisty receptorów dopaminowych. Psychiatria. 2018; 15:77-81.
15. Németh G., Laszlovszky I., Czobor P., Szalai E., Szatmári B., Harsányi J., et al. Cariprazine versus risperidone monotherapy for treatment of predominant negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2017; 389: 1103-1113.
16. Citrome L. Lurasidone for schizophrenia: a review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved second-generation antipsychotic. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65:189-210.
17. Yasui-Furukori N. Update on the development of lurasidone as a treatment for patients with acute schizophrenia. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2012;6:107-115.
18. Loebel A., Xu J., Hsu J., Cucchiaro J., Pikalov A. The development of lurasidone for bipolar depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1358:95-104.
19. McClellan L., Dominick KC., Pedapati EV., Wink LK., Erickson CA. Lurasidone for the treatment of irritability and anger in autism spectrum disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2017;26:985-989.
20. http://bipold.aotm.gov.pl/assets/files/zlecenia_mz/2018/012/REK/RP_30_2018.pdf
21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541057/
22. Nolan SF., Roman MW. Lurasidone (Latuda®): An Atypical Antipsychotic. Issues Ment Health Nurs.2012; 33: 342-343.
23. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/document s/productinformation/latuda-epar-product-information_pl.pdf on May 12, 2021.
24. Cruz MP. Lurasidone HCl (Latuda), an Oral, Once-Daily Atypical Antipsychotic Agent for the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia. P T. 2011;36:489-92.
25. Bieńkowski P., Dudek D., Samochowiec J. W kierunku lepiej zaplanowanej nieselektywności : rola receptorów 5-HT7 w działaniu leku przeciwpsychotycznego II generacji - lurazydonu.
Psychiatr Pol. 2015; 49: 243-253.
26. Meltzer HY., Share DB., Jayathilake K., Salomon RM., Lee MA. Lurasidone Improves Psychopathology and Cognition in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol.
2020 ; 40: 240-249.
27. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-nasal-spray-medication-treatment-resistantdepression-available-only-certified on May 12, 2021.
28. Bozymski KM., Crouse EL., Titus-Lay EN., Ott CA., Nofziger JL., Kirkwood CK. Esketamine: A Novel Option for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;0: 1-10.
29. Kaur U., Pathak BK., Singh A., Chakrabarti SS. Esketamine: a glimmer of hope in treatment-resistant depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021;271:417-429. doi: 10.1007/
s00406-019-01084-z.
30. Gałecki P., Bliźniewska-Kowalska K. Depresja oporna na leczenie – zalecenia Konsultanta Krajowego w dziedzinie psychiatrii, Psychiatr Pol. 2021; 55: 7-21.
31. Kim J., Farchione T., Potter A., Chen Q., Temple R. Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression - First FDA-Approved Antidepressant in a New Class. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381:1-4.
32. Kryst J., Kawalec P., Pilc A. Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020 ;21:9-20.
33. Popova V., Daly E.J., Trivedi M., Cooper K., Lane R., Lim P., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Flexibly Dosed Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined With a Newly Initiated Oral Antidepressant in
Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2019;176:428-438.
34. Bahr R., Lopez A., Rey JA. Intranasal Esketamine (SpravatoTM) for Use in Treatment-Resistant Depression In Conjunction With an Oral Antidepressant. P T. 2019;44:340-375.
35. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/211243lbl.pdf
36. Canuso .M., Singh JB., Fedgchin M., Alphs L., Lane R., Lim P., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine for the Rapid Reduction of Symptoms of Depression and Suicidality
in Patients at Imminent Risk for Suicide: Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175:620-630.
37. Daly EJ., Trivedi MH., Janik A., Li H., Zhang Y., Li X., et al.Efficacy of Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus Oral Antidepressant Treatment for Relapse Prevention in Patients With Treatment-Resistant
Depression A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76:893-903.
38. Swainson J., Thomas RK., Archer S., Chrenek C., MacKay MA., Baker G., et al. Esketamine for treatment resistant depression. Expert Rev Neurother. 2019;19:899-911.
39. Bahji A., Vazquez GH., Zarate CA. Comparative efficacy of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021,278:542-555.
40. Singh JB., Fedgchin M., Daly E., Xi L., Melman C., De Bruecker G., et al. Intravenous Esketamine in Adult Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Double-Blind, Double-Randomization, Placebo-Controlled Study. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;80:424-431.
41. https://www.drugs.com/history/vraylar.html?fbclid=IwAR3kgW4zbFXTdWHQkYonx0P8M-pVoWQeehDB5bxH6lGqbYixYw_NydU_Fgk on September 27, 2021.
42. Gałecki P., Bliźniewska-Kowalska K. Depresja oporna na leczenie – zalecenia Konsultanta Krajowego w dziedzinie psychiatrii, Psychiatr Pol. 2019; 158: 1-15.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
