Receptory GHB - nowy kierunek psychofarmakologii?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2018-0023Słowa kluczowe:
GHB, receptor GHB, sulpiryd, amisulpryd, benzamidyAbstrakt
Wstęp: Kwas gammahydroksymasłowy (GHB) jest powszechnie kojarzony jako narkotyk imprezowy lub tzw. „pigułka gwałtu”. Znalazł on także zastosowanie w medycynie jako środek do leczenia narkolepsji lub uzależnienia od alkoholu. GHB wykazuje powinowactwo do dwóch receptorów: GABAB oraz stosunkowo niedawno odkrytych receptorów GHB. Receptory GHB po raz pierwszy zostały sklonowane w 2003 roku u myszy, a następnie w 2007 roku u człowieka. Do tej pory udowodniono ich wpływ na przekaźnictwo dopaminergiczne, co może implikować ich znaczenie w patogenezie takich chorób jak np. schizofrenia. Jednocześnie udowodniono, że leki przeciwpsychotyczne z grupy benzamidów wykazują powinowactwo do receptorów GHB, przez co postuluje się, że część efektów działania tych leków może wynikać właśnie z tego powinowactwa.
Cel: Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat receptorów GHB, ich potencjalnej roli w patogenezie schizofrenii oraz przedstawienie leków wykazujących powinowactwo do tego receptora.
Materiał i metoda: Dokonano przeglądu dostępnej literatury korzystając z baz bibliograficznych: Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect oraz Research Gate, wprowadzając słowa klucze: GHB receptor, GHB, sulpiride, amisulpride oraz deskryptory czasowe: 1965-2018.
Wyniki i wnioski:
1. Istnieje możliwość, że receptory GHB biorą udział w patogenezie schizofrenii, aczkolwiek istnieje potrzeba przeprowadzenia większej liczby badań w tym kierunku.
2. Część efektów działania niektórych leków przeciwpsychotycznych z grupy benzamin (np. amisulprydu) mogą wynikać z powinowactwa do receptorów GHB.
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