The essential oil of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch. cultivated and wild growing in Poland
Keywords:
German chamomile, origin of raw material, chamazulene, α-bisabolol oxide AAbstract
This study was carried out from April to July 2007 in Radawiec in the Lublin region. Chamomile raw material was obtained from cultivation (a field with a northern exposure, loamy sandy soil, soil class III, neutral pH) and from a natural stand (meadow area, the stand sheltered from the wind, open land with a northern exposure, loamy sandy soil with a neutral pH). The chamomile cultivar ‘Złoty Łan’ was grown, which was seeded directly in the field in the spring. Seeds were sown in the first decade of April in rows 40 cm apart at a rate 2 kg per 1 ha. The harvest was done in July by picking entire inflorescences; they were subsequently dried under natural conditions. Essential oil content in the raw material was determined using the hydrodistillation method with the addition of xylene in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The number of components identified in the oil was determined by the GC/MS method. The raw material obtained from the cultivated plants had twice more (1.1%) essential oil than the raw material from the wild-growing plants (0.5%). There were identified 22 (natural state) and 25 (cultivation) compounds making up the chamomile oil under study. The source of origin of chamomile raw material was shown to have a significant effect on the amount and quality of essential oil. The dominant compound in the oil extracted from the raw material obtained from the wild-growing plants was α-bisabolol oxide A (31.70%), while in that from the cultivated plants it was chamazulene (24.85%).
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