Is malocclusion and orthodontic treatment associated with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD)? Literature review (2000-2010)
Keywords:
malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, tempomandibular disorderAbstract
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) can manifest as pain in muscles and temporomandibular joint, pain during jaw movement, limited range of jaw motions, as well as auscultatory symptoms. Burdensome symptoms to patients make them start medical treatment – often collaborative one – as there is a widespread belief about the relationship between malocclusion and orthodontic treatment with dysfunctions. Symptoms of TMJD occur in people without malocclusion, never treated orthodontically. The studies have shown that the incidence of TMJD increases in the population of 7–15 year-old children, and intensifies during puberty. However, decrease in muscle pain occurrence has been shown between the age of 19 to 30. TMJD manifested during orthodontic treatment do not have to be causally related to it. The research materials were collected by typing words (malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, tempomandibular disorder) in the PubMed web search engine. They were limited to articles published in English and Polish after 2000. There is no insufficient evidence that the dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint are associated with a specific malocclusion, although some disorders may predispose to its occurrence. Orthodontic treatment should not be treated as a prophylaxis of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, as it does not increases the risk for dysfunction when it is carried out in childhood. Orthodontic treatment with extractions does not impose any danger of inducing temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
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