The importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of bipolar affective disorder: a review of the literature

Łukasz Łobejko; Michalina Hordejuk; Joanna Róg; Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz

doi:10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0018

Authors

Łukasz Łobejko Mental Health Centre, Independent Public Health Care Complex in Leżajsk, Poland Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8713-120X
Michalina Hordejuk I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, University Public Hospital no. 1, Lublin, Poland Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2473-1062
Joanna Róg Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences Poland Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-9507
Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-795X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0018

Keywords:

oxidative stress, bipolar affective disorder, redox, lipid peroxidation, protein damage, antioxidants, lithium

Abstract

Introduction: Bipolar affective disorder (BD), also known as manic-depressive illness, is a chronic and recurrent psychiatric disorder characterised by significant mood disturbances. It is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is associated with a high risk of suicide. Recent studies highlight the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of BD. The body's pro/antioxidant imbalance adversely affects cellular and molecular processes.

Aim: The aim of this review is to synthesise the current state of knowledge on the role of OS in the aetiology and course of BD, including key biomarkers and potential therapeutic interventions.

Methods: A review of the scientific literature was conducted, including articles published between 2000 and 2024. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the following keywords: 'bipolar disorder', 'oxidative stress', 'antioxidants', 'biomarkers', 'mitochondrial dysfunction', 'redox homeostasis', 'treatment'.

Results: Results indicate that patients with BD have elevated levels of OS markers, including increased lipid peroxidation, altered antioxidant enzyme activity and impaired redox homeostasis. Treatment with lithium and other mood stabilisers may modulate levels of OS markers, which is one potential mechanism of drug action. However, inconclusive data suggest the need for further research to clarify the relationship between OS and BD.

Conclusions: OS plays an important role in the pathophysiology of BD, offering potential directions for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the complex interactions between OS and BD may lead to the development of more targeted therapies aimed at reducing oxidative damage and improving patient health.

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The importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of bipolar affective disorder: a review of the literature

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