When does schizophrenia really begin? - A case report confirming theneurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia

Julita  Szarpak; Karol  Ciejka; Weronika  Perczyńska; Paulina  Wróbel-Knybel

doi:10.2478/cpp-2021-0003

Authors

Julita Szarpak Student Research Group at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-0235
Karol Ciejka Student Research Group at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-2607
Weronika Perczyńska I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-2650
Paulina Wróbel-Knybel I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-5911

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2021-0003

Keywords:

synaptic pruning, neurodevelopment, schizophrenia, genetic

Abstract

Introduction: According to the neurodevelopmental theory, schizophrenia is a cognitive-behavioral manifestation of the non-physiological development of the CNS, which was caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors during its formation.

Aim, material and methodology: The aim of this article is to present a clinical case in which exposure to numerous adverse environmental factors in the pre and postnatal period could cause the development of schizophrenia in adulthood. The analysis of the clinical case and the medical records of a patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, suffering from numerous perinatal complications, was performed.

Case report: A woman, 23 years old, unmarried, studying at post-secondary school -archivistics. Currently, psychiatrically hospitalized for the second time. A patient from the first, twin, fraternal pregnancy. The delivery took place by caesarean section, complicated. In the APGAR scale, she scored 4 points in the 1st minute, and 6 points in the 3rd minute. By day 30, the patient had experienced preterm retinopathy, viral infection, salmonella, jaundice and anemia. In the second month of her life, she was treated with surgery due to intestinal obstruction. Psychomotor development was disturbed. At 9 years of age, there was a retinal detachment. Until the end of junior high school, she was educated in a special school for the visually impaired.

Conclusions: The neurodevelopmental theory assumes that the increased risk of developing schizophrenia is associated with unfavorable factors in the developmental period. Identifying the causes underlying the development of the disease is a key step towards prevention, more efficient diagnosis, and improvement of the effectiveness of treatment of patients suffering from this disease.

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When does schizophrenia really begin? - A case report confirming theneurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia

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