Methods of apoptosis detection
Keywords:
apoptosis, methods of detectionAbstract
The aim of present study was analyze of methods of apoptosis detection. We described methods detecting single apoptotic cells and their populations. In those methods we showed: single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), apoptotic cell identification using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy; method based on assessment of changes in the apoptotic cell membrane; method based on Caspase 3 activity examination. The other methods exanimate releasing of cytochrome C from the mitochondria and detecting of DNA fragmentation. We described as well flow cytometry (flow cytophotometry). The manuscript was the most focused on immunohistochemical method.
References
1. Bielak-Żmijewska A. Mechanizmy oporności komórek nowotworowych na apoptozę. Kosmos. Problemy nauk biologicznych, 2003; 52: 157-171.
2. Pryjma J. Monocyty krwi obwodowej – apoptoza po fagocytozie bakterii oraz amiany funkcjonalne w następstwie kontaktu z komorkami apoptotycznymi www. fnp.org.pl/programy aktualne/jachranka/profPryjma.pdf. 2004; 1-19.
3. Chiba T., Hwang B.H., Williams T.H. A method for studying glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence and ultrastructure of monoamine neurons. Histochemistry, 1976; 49: 95-106.
4. Lee R.F., Steinert S.A. Use of the single cell gel electrophoresis/comet assay for detecting DNA damage in aquatic (marine and freshwater) animals. Mutat Res, 2003; 544: 43-64.
5. Sulejczak D. Apoptosis and methods of identification of thi phenomenon. Post Biol Kom, 2000; 27: 527-568.
6. Solomon S., Mpoke S.S., Wolfe J. Differential Staining of Apoptotic Nuclei in Living Cells: Application to Macronuclear Elimination in Tetrahymena. J. Histochem. Cytochem, 1997; 45: 675-684.
7. Smith S.C., Leung T.N., To K.F., Baker P.N. Apoptosis is a rare event in first-trimester placental tissue. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 2000; 183: 697-699.
8. Verda L. Wpływ cytostatyków na apoptozę limfocytów w przewlekłej białaczce limfatycznej B-komórkowej w badaniach in vitro. Praca Doktorska synaba Coll Med. UJ, 2001.
9. Fadok V., Bratton D.M., Rose A., Pearson R., Alan B., Ezekewitz P.M., Henson P.M. A receptor for fosfatidyloserine – specific clearance of apoptotic cells. Nature, 2000; 405: 85-90.
10. Kirszberg C., Rumjanek V.M., Capella M.A. Methylene blue is more toxic to erythroleukemic cells than to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a possible use in chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2005; 56: 659-665.
11. Peng Y., Gallagher S.F., Haines K., Baksh K., Murr M.M. Nuclear Factor-kappa B Mediates Kupffer Cell Apoptosis Through Transcriptional Activation of Fas/FasL. J Surg Res, 2006; 130: 58-65.
12. Arends M.J., Morris R.G., Wyllie A.H. Apoptosis: the role of the endonuclease. Amer J Pathol, 1990; 136: 593-608.
13. Yuste V.J., Sanchez-Lopez I., Sole C., Moubarak R.S., Bayascas J.R., Dolcet X., Encinas M., Susin S.A., Cornella J.X. The contribution of apoptosis-inducing factor, caspase-activated DNase, and inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase to the nuclear phenotype and DNA. J Biol Chem, 2005; 280: 35670-35683.
14. Lesauskaite V., Epistolato M.C., Ivanoviene L., Tanganelli P. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in explanted and transplanted hearts. Comparison of results from in situ TUNEL, ISEL, and ISOL reactions. Am J Clin Pathol, 2004; 121: 108-116.
15. Enciso M., Lopez-Fernandez C., Fernandez J.L., Garcia P., Gosalbez A., Gosalvez J. A new method to analyze boar sperm DNA fragmentation under bright-field or fluorescence microscopy. Theriogenology, 2006; 65: 308-316.
16. Salgame P., Varadhachary A.S., Primiano L.L., Fincke J.E., Muller S., Monestier M. An ELISA for detection of apoptosis. Nucleic Acids Res, 1997; 25: 680-681.
17. Jimenez R., Carracedo J., Santamaria R., Soriano S., Madueno J.A., Ramirez R., Rodriguez M., Martin-Malo A., Aljama P.: Replicative senescence in patients with chronic kidney failure. Kidney Int, 2005; 68: S11-S15.
18. Kohler G., Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. J Immunol, 2005; 174: 2453-2455.