Czy pacjenci z chorobą Parkinsona powinni kierować się jedynie do gabinetu neurologicznego? -przegląd narracyjny zaburzeń neuropsychiatrycznych u osób z chorobą Parkinsona
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0021Słowa kluczowe:
depresja, zaburzenia lękowe, choroba Parkinsona, zaburzenia psychotyczne, zaburzenia kontroli impulsówAbstrakt
Wstęp: Choroba Parkinsona jest chorobą neurodegeneracyjną z obecnymi objawami motorycznymi i neuropsychiatrycznymi. Nierzadko towarzyszą jej zaburzenia w postaci depresji, zaburzeń psychotycznych, zaburzeń funkcji poznawczych, zaburzeń lękowych, zaburzeń snu, zaburzeń kontroli impulsów. Celem pracy było dokonanie przeglądu literatury oraz przedstawienie charakterystyki zaburzeń neuropsychiatrycznych występujących u osób cierpiących na chorobę Parkinsona z wyszczególnieniem wyżej wymienionych zaburzeń.
Materiał i metoda: Dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa dostępnego na platformie PubMed od 1986 do 2022 roku używając słów kluczy: choroba Parkinsona, depresja, zaburzenia lękowe, zaburzenia psychotyczne, zaburzenia snu, zaburzenia poznawcze, zaburzenia kontroli impulsów. Analizie poddano badania oryginalne, prace przeglądowe, metaanalizy oraz źródła internetowe.
Dyskusja: Wyżej wymienione zaburzenia neuropsychiatryczne pojawiają się wśród cierpiących z powodu choroby Parkinsona z niejednorodną częstotliwością, w różnych jej okresach, a nawet poprzedzają jej wystąpienie o wiele lat oraz są przyczyną powikłań. Niemotoryczna komponenta objawów choroby Parkinsona w postaci obniżenia nastroju, spadku energii czy zmian rytmu dnia może obniżać czujność klinicysty skutkując opóźnieniem wdrożenia odpowiedniej terapii i utrudniać zapobieganie powikłaniom. Zmiany neuropatologiczne w przebiegu choroby Parkinsona a także stosowane w jej terapii leki dopaminergiczne mogą wpływać na rozwinięcie zaburzeń neuropsychiatrycznych.
Wnioski: W celu prawidłowego diagnozowania zaburzeń neuropsychiatrycznych u osób z chorobą Parkinsona należy posługiwać się narzędziami, np. w postaci skal, które zostały opracowane specjalnie dla tej grupy chorych. Aby zapobiec konsekwencjom wcześniej wymienionych jednostek chorobowych należy dążyć do opracowania metod wczesnego ich rozpoznawania, ustalenia czynników ryzyka oraz standaryzacji procesu leczenia. Niezwykle istotnym wydaje się być wnikliwa diagnostyka i opieka nad pacjentami z chorobą Parkinsona nie tylko na polu neurologicznym ale również psychiatrycznym.
Bibliografia
1. TTansey MG, Wallings RL, Houser MC, Herrick MK, Keating CE, Joers V. Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022;1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00684-6889508035246670
2. Dorsey ER, Sherer T, Okun MS, Bloemd BR. The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018;8(s1):S3-8. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181474631136730584159
3. Reijnders JSAM, Ehrt U, Weber WEJ, Aarsland D, Leentjens AFG. A systematic review of prevalence studies of depression in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23(2):183-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2180317987654
4. Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AHV. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(3):235-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70373-816488379
5. RSK - Klasyfikacja ICD-10 wyniki wyszukiwania [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 23]. Available from: https://rsk3.ezdrowie.gov.pl/resource/structure/icd10/00CD10/10/011/url%3DaHR0cHM6Ly9yc2szLmV6ZHJvd2llLmdvdi5wbC9yZXNvdXJjZS9zdHJ1Y3R1cmUvaWNkMTAvMDBDRDEw/F06
6. Szatmari S, Illigens BMW, Siepmann T, Pinter A, Takats A, Bereczki D. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in untreated Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017;13:815-26. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S130997536040128352181
7. Aarsland D, Marsh L, Schrag A. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders. 2009;24(15):2175-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22589278787519768724
8. Weerkamp NJ, Tissingh G, Poels PJE, Zuidema SU, Munneke M, Koopmans RTCM, et al. Nonmotor symptoms in nursing home residents with Parkinson’s disease: prevalence and effect on quality of life. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(10):1714-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.1245824117286
9. Coelho M, Marti MJ, Sampaio C, Ferreira JJ, Valldeoriola F, Rosa MM, et al. Dementia and severity of parkinsonism determines the handicap of patients in late-stage Parkinson’s disease: the Barcelona-Lisbon cohort. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(2):305-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.1256725220687
10. Hommel ALAJ, Meinders MJ, Lorenzl S, Dodel R, Coelho M, Ferreira JJ, et al. The Prevalence and Determinants of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Late-Stage Parkinsonism. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2020;7(5):531-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12968732842932626798
11. Aarsland D, Brønnick K, Ehrt U, de Deyn PP, Tekin S, Emre M, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease and dementia: frequency, profile and associated care giver stress. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78(1):36-42. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2005.083113211779716820421
12. Mental symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are important contributors to caregiver distress - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10521886/
13. Gómez-Esteban JC, Tijero B, Somme J, Ciordia R, Berganzo K, Rouco I, et al. Impact of psychiatric symptoms and sleep disorders on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol. 2011;258(3):494-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5786-y20957384
14. Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Tandberg E, Laake K. Predictors of nursing home placement in Parkinson’s disease: a population-based, prospective study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48(8):938-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb06891.x10968298
15. Dobkin RD, Rubino JT, Friedman J, Allen LA, Gara MA, Menza M. Barriers to mental health care utilization in Parkinson’s disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2013;26(2):105-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988713481269364433723589410
16. Weintraub D, Moberg PJ, Duda JE, Katz IR, Stern MB. Recognition and treatment of depression in Parkinson’s disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2003;16(3):178-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/089198870325605312967062
17. Chaudhuri KR, Schapira AH. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(5):464-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70068-719375664
18. [Neuropsychiatric manifestations in Parkinson’s disease] -PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26197101/
19. Molina Ruiz RM, Evans AH, Velakoulis D, Looi JCL. A guide to management of neuropsychiatric manifestations of Parkinson’s disease. Australas Psychiatry. 2016;24(6):534-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/103985621665439427329643
20. Aarsland D, Creese B, Politis M, Chaudhuri KR, Ffytche DH, Weintraub D, et al. Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Neurology 2017 13:4. 2017;13(4):217-31. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.27564302728257128
21. Aarsland D, Batzu L, Halliday GM, Geurtsen GJ, Ballard C, Ray Chaudhuri K, et al. Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2021 7:1. 2021;7(1):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00280-334210995
22. Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Lolk A, Nielsen H, Kragh-Sørensen P. Risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2001;56(6):730-6. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.6.730
23. Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Williams-Gray C, Weintraub D, Marder K, Kulisevsky J, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: A multicenter pooled analysis. Neurology. 2010;75(12):1062. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f39d0e294206520855849
24. Hely MA, Reid WGJ, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JGL. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: The inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Movement Disorders. 2008;23(6):837-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2195618307261
25. Green H, Tsitsi P, Markaki I, Aarsland D, Svenningsson P. Novel Treatment Opportunities Against Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease with an Emphasis on Diabetes-Related Pathways. CNS Drugs. 2019;33(2):143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-018-0601-x637340130687888
26. Bosco D, Plastino M, Cristiano D, Colica C, Ermio C, de Bartolo M, et al. Dementia is associated with insulin resistance in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 2012;315(1-2):39-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.12.00822265943
27. Smirnov DS, Galasko D, Edland SD, Filoteo JV, Hansen LA, Salmon DP. Cognitive decline profiles differ in Parkinson disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology. 2020;94(20):e2076-87. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009434752667032332125
28. Weintraub D, Mamikonyan E. The Neuropsychiatry of Parkinson Disease: A Perfect Storm. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2019;27(9):998-1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2019.03.002701528031006550
29. Goldman JG, Sieg E. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Parkinson Disease. Clin Geriatr Med. 2020;36(2):365-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2020.01.00132222308
30. da Silva FC, Iop RDR, de Oliveira LC, Boll AM, de Alvarenga JGS, Filho PJBG, et al. Effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the last 10 years. PLoS One. 2018;13(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193113582844829486000
31. Emre M, Aarsland D, Albanese A, Byrne EJ, Deuschl G, de Deyn PP, et al. Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(24):2509-18. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa04147015590953
32. Aarsland D, Ballard C, Walker Z, Bostrom F, Alves G, Kossakowski K, et al. Memantine in patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(7):613-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70146-219520613
33. Emre M, Tsolaki M, Bonuccelli U, Destée A, Tolosa E, Kutzelnigg A, et al. Memantine for patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(10):969-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70194-020729148
34. Ehrt U, Broich K, Larsen JP, Ballard C, Aarsland D. Use of drugs with anticholinergic effect and impact on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81(2):160-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.18623919770163
35. Chang A, Fox SH. Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management. Drugs 2016 76:11. 2016;76(11):1093-118.
36. Panchal SC, Ondo WG. Treating Hallucinations and Delusions Associated With Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis. Current Psychiatry Reports 2018 20:1. 2018;20(1):1-10.
37. Fénelon G, Soulas T, Zenasni F, de Langavant LC. The changing face of Parkinson’s disease-associated psychosis: A cross-sectional study based on the new NINDS-NIMH criteria. Movement Disorders. 2010;25(6):763-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22839289171020437542
38. Fénelon G, Alves G. Epidemiology of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 2010;289(1-2):12-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.01419740486
39. Schneider RB, Iourinets J, Richard IH. Parkinson’s disease psychosis: presentation, diagnosis and management. https://doi.org/102217/nmt-2017-0028. 2017;7(6):365-76.
40. Segal GS, Xie SJ, Paracha SUR, Grossberg GT. Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Treatment Options and Impact on Patients and Caregivers. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2021;34(4):274-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988721101828034219522
41. ffytche DH, Aarsland D. Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;133:585-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.00528802934
42. Zahodne LB, Fernandez HH. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease. Drugs & Aging 2008 25:8. 2012;25(8):665-82.
43. Marsh L, Williams JR, Rocco M, Grill S, Munro C, Dawson TM. Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with Parkinson disease and psychosis. Neurology. 2004;63(2):293-300. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000129843.15756.A3
44. Factor SA, Steenland NK, Higgins DS, Molho ES, Kay DM, Montimurro J, et al. Disease-related and genetic correlates of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2011;26(12):2190. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23806421667721714002
45. Forsaa EB, Larsen JP, Wentzel-Larsen T, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT, Aarsland D, et al. A 12-year population-based study of psychosis in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(8):996-1001. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.16620697051
46. Mathis M v., Muoio BM, Andreason P, Avila AM, Farchione T, Atrakchi A, et al. The US Food and Drug Administration’s Perspective on the New Antipsychotic Pimavanserin. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(6):7210. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16r1111928493654
47. He T, Arkinson P, Tudy S, Roup G. Low-Dose Clozapine for the Treatment of Drug-Induced Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease. http://dx.doi.org/101056/NEJM199903113401003.2008;340(10):757-63.
48. Pollak P, Destee A, Tison F, Pere JJ, Bordiex I, Agid Y, et al. Clozapine in drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson’s disease. The Lancet. 1999;353(9169):2041-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00860-0
49. Pollak P, Tison F, Rascol O, Destée A, Péré JJ, Senard JM, et al. Clozapine in drug induced psychosis in Parkinson’s disease: a randomised, placebo controlled study with open follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(5):689-95. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2003.029868176359015090561
50. Review and Management of Clozapine Side Effects | Psychiatrist. com [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/neurologic/neurology/review-management-clozapine-side-effects/
51. Borek LL, Friedman JH. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease psychosis. Med Int Rev. 2017;27(109):266.
52. Horn S, Richardson H, Xie SX, Weintraub D, Dahodwala N. Pimavanserin versus quetiapine for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;69:119-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.009706132431751863
53. Patel RS, Bhela J, Tahir M, Pisati SR, Hossain S. Pimavanserin in Parkinson’s Disease-induced Psychosis: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2019;11(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5257676087931572642
54. Cummings J, Isaacson S, Mills R, Williams H, Chi-Burris K, Corbett A, et al. Pimavanserin for patients with Parkinson’s disease psychosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014;383(9916):533-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62106-624183563
55. Meltzer HY, Roth BL. Lorcaserin and pimavanserin: emerging selectivity of serotonin receptor subtype-targeted drugs. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(12):4986. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI70678385938524292660
56. Howland RH. Pimavanserin: An Inverse Agonist Antipsychotic Drug. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2016;54(6):21-4. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20160523-0127245248
57. Hwang YJ, Alexander GC, An H, Moore TJ, Mehta HB. Risk of Hospitalization and Death Associated With Pimavanserin Use in Older Adults With Parkinson Disease. Neurology. 2021;97(13):e1266-75. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.000000000001260134389652
58. Markham A. Pimavanserin: First Global Approval. Drugs. 2016;76(10):1053-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-016-0597-927262680
59. QuarterWatchTM (includes data from Quarter 3, 2018) Focus on Three Psychoactive Drugs: Gabapentin, Pregabalin, and Pimavanserin | Institute For Safe Medication Practices [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.ismp.org/resources/quarterwatchtm-includes-data-quarter-3-2018-focus-three-psychoactive-drugs-gabapentin10.1007/s40278-019-59919-0
60. Brown JD, Cicali B, Henriksen C, Malaty I, Okun MS, Armstrong MJ. Comparative pharmacovigilance assessment of mortality with pimavanserin in Parkinson disease-related psychosis. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2021;27(6):785-90. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2021.27.6.78534057395
61. Takamiya A, Seki M, Kudo S, Yoshizaki T, Nakahara J, Mimura M, et al. Electroconvulsive Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Movement Disorders. 2021;36(1):50-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2833533280168
62. Marsh L. Depression and Parkinson’s disease: current knowledge. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013;13(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0409-5487867124190780
63. Findley L, Eichhorn T, Janca A, Kazenwadel J, Baker M, Currie-Gnjesda D, et al. Factors impacting on quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: results from an international survey. Mov Disord. 2002;17(1):60-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.1001011835440
64. Weintraub D, Simuni T, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey C, Lasch S, Siderowf A, et al. Cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms in early, untreated Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(7):919-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26170485552325737166
65. Lemke MR. Depressive symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15 Suppl 1(SUPPL. 1):21-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02058.x18353133
66. Gaenslen A, Swid I, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Godau J, Berg D. The patients’ perception of prodromal symptoms before the initial diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2011;26(4):653-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23499313093021370256
67. Leentjens AFG, van den Akker M, Metsemakers JFM, Lousberg R, Verhey FRJ. Higher incidence of depression preceding the onset of Parkinson’s disease: a register study. Mov Disord. 2003;18(4):414-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.1038712671948
68. Rojo A, Aguilar M, Garolera MT, Cubo E, Navas I, Quintana S. Depression in Parkinson’s disease: clinical correlates and outcome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2003;10(1):23-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8020(03)00067-1
69. Tandberg E, Larsen JP, Aarsland D, Laake K, Cummings JL. Risk factors for depression in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 1997;54(5):625-30. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1997.005501700970209152120
70. Wichowicz HM, Sławek J, Derejko M, Cubała WJ. Factors associated with depression in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study in a Polish population. Eur Psychiatry. 2006;21(8):516-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.01.01216531018
71. Starkstein SE, Petracca G, Chemerinski E, Tesón A, Sahe L, Merello M, et al. Depression in classic versus akinetic-rigid Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 1998;13(1):29-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.8701301099452322
72. Riedel O, Klotsche J, Spottke A, Deuschl G, Förstl H, Henn F, et al. Frequency of dementia, depression, and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in 1,449 outpatients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol. 2010;257(7):1073-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5465-z20140443
73. Starkstein SE, Preziosi TJ, Bolduc PL, Robinson RG. Depression in Parkinson’s disease. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1990;178(1):27-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199001000-000052295885
74. Chen JJ, Marsh L. Depression in Parkinson’s disease: identification and management. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(9):972-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.131423798003
75. Starkstein SE, Bolduc PL, Mayberg HS, Preziosi TJ, Robinson RG. Cognitive impairments and depression in Parkinson’s disease: a follow up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53(7):597-602. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.53.7.5974881372391525
76. Leentjens AFG, Lousberg R, Verhey FRJ. Markers for depression in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;106(3):196-201. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02045.x12197857
77. Tandberg E, Larsen JP, Karlsen K. A community-based study of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 1998;13(6):895-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.8701306069827612
78. Krishnan PR, Bhatia M, Behari M. Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson’s disease: a case-controlled study. Mov Disord. 2003;18(2):181-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.1030712539212
79. Mayeux R, Stern Y, Williams JBW, Cote L, Frantz A, Dyrenfurth I. Clinical and biochemical features of depression in Parkinson’s disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1986;143(6):756-9. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.6.7562424323
80. Aarsland D, Påhlhagen S, Ballard CG, Ehrt U, Svenningsson P. Depression in Parkinson disease--epidemiology, mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;8(1):35-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.18922198405
81. van Mierlo TJ, Chung C, Foncke EM, Berendse HW, van den Heuvel OA. Depressive symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are related to decreased hippocampus and amygdala volume. Mov Disord. 2015;30(2):245-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2611225600157
82. Surdhar I, Gee M, Bouchard T, Coupland N, Malykhin N, Camicioli R. Intact limbic-prefrontal connections and reduced amygdala volumes in Parkinson’s disease with mild depressive symptoms. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18(7):809-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.03.00822652466
83. Huang C, Ravdin LD, Nirenberg MJ, Piboolnurak P, Severt L, Maniscalco JS, et al. Neuroimaging markers of motor and nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease: an 18f fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2013;35(3-4):183-96. https://doi.org/10.1159/00034598723445555
84. Ring HA, Bench CJ, Trimble MR, Brooks DJ, Frackowiak RS, Dolan RJ. Depression in Parkinson’s disease. A positron emission study. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):333-9. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.3.3337994502
85. Feldmann A, Illes Z, Kosztolanyi P, Illes E, Mike A, Kover F, et al. Morphometric changes of gray matter in Parkinson’s disease with depression: a voxel-based morphometry study. Mov Disord. 2008;23(1):42-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2176517973326
86. Kostić VS, Agosta F, Petrović I, Galantucci S, Špica V, Ječmenica-Lukic M, et al. Regional patterns of brain tissue loss associated with depression in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2010;75(10):857-63. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f11c1d20686125
87. Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Niikawa H, Komatsu K, Kubori T, et al. Depression in Parkinson’s disease. Diffusion tensor imaging study. J Neurol. 2007;254(9):1170-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-006-0236-617710361
88. Forrester AW, Preziosi TJ, Robinson RG, Starkstein SE. Specificity of affective and autonomic symptoms of depression in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53(10):869-73. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.53.10.8694882482266368
89. Assogna F, Pellicano C, Savini C, Macchiusi L, Pellicano GR, Alborghetti M, et al. Drug Choices and Advancements for Managing Depression in Parkinson’s Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2020;18(4):277. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191016094857732794431622207
90. Costa A, Peppe A, Carlesimo GA, Salamone G, Caltagirone C. Prevalence and characteristics of alexithymia in Parkinson’s disease. Psychosomatics. 2010;51(1):22-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(10)70655-1
91. Assogna F, Palmer K, Pontieri FE, Pierantozzi M, Stefani A, Gianni W, et al. Alexithymia is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;20(2):133-41. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e318209de0722273734
92. Starkstein SE, Merello M, Jorge R, Brockman S, Bruce D, Petracca G, et al. A Validation Study of Depressive Syndromes in Parkinson’s Disease. 2007;10.1002/mds.2186618074376
93. Pfeiffer RF. Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;22 Suppl 1:S119-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.00426372623
94. Yapici Eser H, Bora HA, Kuruoğlu A. Depression and Parkinson disease: prevalence, temporal relationship, and determinants. Turk J Med Sci. 2017;47(2):499-503. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1603-10128425238
95. Starkstein SE, Brockman S. Management of Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017;4(4):470. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12507617439430363415
96. Richard IH, McDermott MP, Kurlan R, Lyness JM, Como PG, Pearson N, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antidepressants in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2012;78(16):1229-36. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182516244332432322496199
97. Menza M, Dobkin RD, Marin H, Mark MH, Gara M, Buyske S, et al. A controlled trial of antidepressants in patients with Parkinson disease and depression. Neurology. 2009;72(10):886-92. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000336340.89821.b3267747519092112
98. Liu J, Dong J, Wang L, Su Y, Yan P, Sun S. Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Antidepressants in Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076651378874624098546
99. Troeung L, Egan SJ, Gasson N. A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled treatment trials for depression and anxiety in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079510382738624236141
100. Bomasang-Layno E, Fadlon I, Murray AN, Himelhoch S. Antidepressive treatments for Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015;21(8):833-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.04.01826037457
101. Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111669318685521676990
102. Calleo JS, Amspoker AB, Sarwar AI, Kunik ME, Jankovic J, Marsh L, et al. A Pilot Study of a Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Parkinson Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2015;28(3):210-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/089198871558883126047635
103. Xie CL, Chen J, Wang XD, Pan JL, Zhou Y, Lin SY, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of depression in Parkinson disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Neurol Sci. 2015;36(10):1751-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-015-2345-426209930
104. Borisovskaya A, Bryson WC, Buchholz J, Samii A, Borson S. Electroconvulsive therapy for depression in Parkinson’s disease: systematic review of evidence and recommendations. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2016;6(2):161-76. https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2016-000227033556
105. Leentjens AFG, Dujardin K, Marsh L, Martinez-Martin P, Richard IH, Starkstein SE. Symptomatology and markers of anxiety disorders in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study. Mov Disord. 2011;26(3):484-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2352821312281
106. Moraes-Ferreira R, Alves WMG da C, Brandao-Rangel MAR, Abrahin O, Pimentel CP, Correa-Sousa E, et al. Parkinson Anxiety Scale: A Validation Study for the Brazilian Population. J Mov Disord. 2020;13(3):199. https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20031750229132713176
107. Weintraub D, Caspell-Garcia C, Simuni T, Cho HR, Coffey CS, Aarsland D, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive abilities over the initial quinquennium of Parkinson disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020;7(4):449-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51022718770732285645
108. Reynolds GO, Saint-Hilaire M, Thomas CA, Barlow DH, Cronin-Golomb A. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease. Behav Modif. 2020;44(4):552-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445519838828813768530931594
109. Stacy M. Sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease: epidemiology and management. Drugs Aging. 2002;19(10):733-9. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200219100-0000212390050
110. Chaudhuri KR, Prieto-Jurcynska C, Naidu Y, Mitra T, Frades-Payo B, Tluk S, et al. The nondeclaration of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease to health care professionals: an international study using the nonmotor symptoms questionnaire. Mov Disord. 2010;25(6):704-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2286820437539
111. Claassen DO, Josephs KA, Ahlskog JE, Silber MH, Tippmann-Peikert M, Boeve BF. REM sleep behavior disorder preceding other aspects of synucleinopathies by up to half a century(e-Pub ahead of print)(CME). Neurology. 2010;75(6):494. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ec7fac291847320668263
112. Dowling GA, Mastick J, Colling E, Carter JH, Singer CM, Aminoff MJ. Melatonin for sleep disturbances in Parkinson’s disease. Sleep Med. 2005;6(5):459-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2005.04.00416084125
113. Medeiros CAM, Carvalhedo De Bruin PF, Lopes LA, Magalhães MC, de Lourdes Seabra M, Sales De Bruin VM. Effect of exogenous melatonin on sleep and motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Neurol. 2007;254(4):459-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-006-0390-x17404779
114. Menza M, Dobkin RDF, Marin H, Gara M, Bienfait K, Dicke A, et al. Treatment of insomnia in Parkinson’s disease: a controlled trial of eszopiclone and placebo. Mov Disord. 2010;25(11):1708-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23168292886720589875
115. Postuma RB, Lang AE, Munhoz RP, Charland K, Pelletier A, Moscovich M, et al. Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2012;79(7):651-8. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318263570d341466222855866
116. Ondo WG, Fayle R, Atassi F, Jankovic J. Modafinil for daytime somnolence in Parkinson’s disease: double blind, placebo controlled parallel trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(12):1636-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2005.065870173945616291885
117. Adler CH, Caviness JN, Hentz JG, Lind M, Tiede J. Randomized trial of modafinil for treating subjective daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2003;18(3):287-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.1039012621632
118. Högl B, Saletu M, Brandauer E, Glatzl S, Frauscher B, Seppi K, Ulmer H, Wenning G PW. Modafinil for the treatment of daytime sleepiness in Parkinson’s disease: a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled polygraphic trial. Sleep. 2002;25(8):905-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/25.8.62
119. Mendonça DA, Menezes K, Jog MS. Methylphenidate improves fatigue scores in Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2007;22(14):2070-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2165617674415
120. Voon V, Fox SH. Medication-related impulse control and repetitive behaviors in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2007;64(8):1089-96. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.8.108917698698
121. Weintraub D, Siderowf AD, Potenza MN, Goveas J, Morales KH, Duda JE, et al. Association of dopamine agonist use with impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(7):969-73. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.7.969176105416831966
122. Papay K, Mamikonyan E, Siderowf AD, Duda JE, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, et al. Patient versus informant reporting of ICD symptoms in Parkinson’s disease using the QUIP: Validity and variability. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011;17(3):153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.11.015307306221186135
123. Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN, Siderowf AD, Stacy M, Voon V, et al. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional study of 3090 patients. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(5):589-95. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.6520457959
124. Corvol JC, Artaud F, Cormier-Dequaire F, Rascol O, Durif F, Derkinderen P, et al. Longitudinal analysis of impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2018;91(3):e189-201. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005816605903429925549
125. Voon V, Sohr M, Lang AE, Potenza MN, Siderowf AD, Whetteckey J, et al. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: a multicenter case-control study. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(6):986-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.2235621416496
126. Weintraub D, Sohr M, Potenza MN, Siderowf AD, Stacy M, Voon V, et al. Amantadine use associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease in cross-sectional study. Ann Neurol. 2010;68(6):963-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.2216421154480
127. Garcia-Ruiz PJ, Martinez Castrillo JC, Alonso-Canovas A, Herranz Barcenas A, Vela L, Sanchez Alonso P, et al. Impulse control disorder in patients with Parkinson’s disease under dopamine agonist therapy: a multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(8):841-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-30678724434037
128. Giovannoni G, O’Sullivan JD, Turner K, Manson AJ, Lees AJL. Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease on dopamine replacement therapies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68(4):423-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.68.4.423173687510727476
129. Evans AH, Pavese N, Lawrence AD, Tai YF, Appel S, Doder M, et al. Compulsive drug use linked to sensitized ventral striatal dopamine transmission. Ann Neurol. 2006;59(5):852-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.2082216557571
130. Ray NJ, Miyasaki JM, Zurowski M, Ko JH, Cho SS, Pellecchia G, et al. Extrastriatal dopaminergic abnormalities of DA homeostasis in Parkinson’s patients with medication-induced pathological gambling: a [11C] FLB-457 and PET study. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;48(3):519-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.021346536322766031
131. Kraemmer J, Smith K, Weintraub D, Guillemot V, Nalls MA, Cormier-Dequaire F, et al. Clinical-genetic model predicts incident impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(10):1106-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312848509834027076492
132. Antonini A, Chaudhuri KR, Boroojerdi B, Asgharnejad M, Bauer L, Grieger F, et al. Impulse control disorder related behaviours during long-term rotigotine treatment: a post hoc analysis. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23(10):1556-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13078509601327425586
133. Mamikonyan E, Siderowf AD, Duda JE, Potenza MN, Horn S, Stern MB, et al. Long-term follow-up of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23(1):75-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21770265135517960796
134. Okai D, Askey-Jones S, Samuel M, O’sullivan SS, Chaudhuri KR, Martin A, et al. Trial of CBT for impulse control behaviors affecting Parkinson patients and their caregivers. Neurology. 2013;80(9):792-9. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182840678359845123325911
135. Lhommée E, Klinger H, Thobois S, Schmitt E, Ardouin C, Bichon A, et al. Subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: restoring the balance of motivated behaviours. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 5):1463-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws07822508959
136. Aarsland D, Batzu L, Halliday GM, Geurtsen GJ, Ballard C, Ray Chaudhuri K, et al. Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2021 7:1. 2021;7(1):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00280-334210995
137. Hely MA, Reid WGJ, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JGL. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: The inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Movement Disorders. 2008;23(6):837-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2195618307261
138. Panchal SC, Ondo WG. Treating Hallucinations and Delusions Associated With Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis. Current Psychiatry Reports 2018 20:1. 2018;20(1):1-10.
139. Chang A, Fox SH. Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management. Drugs. 2016;76(11):1093-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-016-0600-527312429
140. Fénelon G, Soulas T, Zenasni F, de Langavant LC. The changing face of Parkinson’s disease-associated psychosis: A cross-sectional study based on the new NINDS-NIMH criteria. Movement Disorders. 2010;25(6):763-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22839289171020437542
141. Reijnders JSAM, Ehrt U, Weber WEJ, Aarsland D, Leentjens AFG. A systematic review of prevalence studies of depression in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23(2):183-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.2180317987654
142. Yamanishi T, Tachibana H, Oguru M, Matsui K, Toda K, Okuda B, et al. Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Internal Medicine. 2013;52(5):539-45. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.52.861723448761
143. Tholfsen LK, Larsen JP, Schulz J, Tysnes OB, Gjerstad MD. Changes in insomnia subtypes in early Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2017;88(4):352-8. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.000000000000354027986876
144. Bhattacharjee S. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: Review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, management, and future challenges. Neurol India.
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2022 Autorzy
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
