O możliwości zastosowania stymulacji magnetycznej TMS w terapii schizofrenii
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przezczaszkowa stymulacja magnetyczna, schizofreniaAbstrakt
Przezczaszkowa stymulacja magnetyczna TMS jest techniką wykorzystującą silne zmienne pole magnetyczne do pobudzania lub hamowania korowych struktur mózgowia. Technika TMS znalazła zastosowanie w diagnostyce neurologicznej oraz w badaniach podstawowych nad różnymi funkcjami neuropsychologicznymi. Podjęto również próby wykorzystania stymulacji TMS w terapii psychiatrycznej.Najwięcej badań nad działaniem leczniczym przeprowadzono odnośnie depresji. Drugim co do ilości badań schorzeniem psychiatycznym,w którym badana była skuteczność terapeutyczna TMS - to grupa zaburzeń schizofrenicznych. Praca prezentuje wyniki dotychczasowych badań nad zastosowaniem TMS w tym wskazaniu. Wykazano, iż do opanowywania objawów wytwórczych typu omamów najlepiej nadaje się stymulacja z niską częstotliwością przeprowadzana w pobliżu kory sensorycznej - odpowiedniej dla rodzaju doznań (okolica kory słuchowej w przypadku „słyszenia głosów”, kora wzrokowa dla omamów wzrokowych). W przypadku symptomatyki negatywnej najwięcej korzystnych efektów udało się uzyskać dzięki wysoko-częstotliwej stymulacji lewej okolicy grzbietowo-bocznej kory przedczołowej. Dotychczasowe badania - mimo pewnych pozytywnych efektów - mają raczej charakter poznawczy niż aplikacyjny. Badane grupy były mało liczebne; istnieją określone problemy z zapewnieniem warunków ślepej próby; brak jest badań nad długotrwałym działaniem stymulacji TMS.Bibliografia
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