Zespół stresu pourazowego – rys historyczny, terminologia, metody pomiaru
Słowa kluczowe:
zespół stresu pourazowego, rys historyczny, kryteria diagnostyczneAbstrakt
Posttraumatic stress disorder – PTSD is an anxiety disorder occurring in people exposed to a traumatic event. Disorder symptoms must occur after the traumatic event, cannot overtake it.
The picture of PTSD depends on many pretraumatic factors, the type of acting factors and the circumstances of the exposure such as support and expert assistance.
Although the concept of PTSD diagnostic category was introduced in the 1980s, this disorder accompanied humanity since its beginnings, because for centuries humanity met traumatic events that caused fear and anxiety. There were wars, traffic accidents or natural disasters. This has been described in the literature, as well as in medical observations. Over the years, the understanding and perception of PTSD has changed. That was the reason for evolution of definition and the idea of PTSD. Those changes were reflected in the commonly used diagnostic classifications of the ICD or DSM.
This process has been accompanied by the development of measurement tools used for diagnosis and for further research. The variety of methods developed so far, interviews and self-assessment questionnaires, allow for more objective and accurate diagnosis of the disorder.
Some of the tools such as the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD are intended to diagnose veterans and have Polish validation, which allows to exam civilians while others are designed to test children (Children's PTSD Inventory).
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