Greater knowledge about COVID-19, more negative emotions. Research in adult Poles after 2nd and 5th waves of the pandemic

Ewa M. Szepietowska; Sara A. Filipiak

doi:10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0002

Autor

Ewa M. Szepietowska Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3383-0353
Sara A. Filipiak Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-7168

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0002

Słowa kluczowe:

poznawczo-emocjonalna reprezentacja choroby, pandemia COVID-19, dorośli Polacy

Abstrakt

Wstęp: W badaniu oceniano dynamikę poznawczo-emocjonalnej reprezentacji COVID-19 u dorosłych Polaków uwzględniając drugą (2021) i piątą (2022) fali pandemii.

Materiał i metody: Badanie objęło łącznie 303 uczestników (N = 198 w badaniu 1 w 2021, i N = 105 w badaniu 2 w 2022). Wykorzystano następujące metody: kwestionariusz dotyczący danych demograficznych oraz ogólnych poglądów na temat COVID-19 a także Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R).

Rezultaty: Po piątej fali pandemii istotnie więcej uczestników była przekonanych, że COVID-19 jest realnie istniejącą i niebezpieczną chorobą. Wśród objawów wiremii częściej wskazywano deficyty poznawcze. Szczepienie przeciw COVID-19 było określane jako istotna metoda prewencji. Obydwa pomiary wykazały, że w reprezentacji COVID-19 dominują emocje negatywne i niskie poczucie koherencji choroby. Jednakże wzrosło przekonanie, że choroba może być kontrolowana poprzez interwencje medyczne. Wiek respondentów z badania 1 i 2 był inaczej powiązany z przekonaniami na temat COVID-19.

Wnioski:

Po 2.5 latach pandemii COVID-19 wzrosła wiedza Polaków na temat przyczyn, symptomów i metod prewencji.
Nieszczepienie się przeciw COVID-19 było częściej wskazywane jako istotna przyczyna wiremii.
W obydwu pomiarach dominowały negatywne emocje oraz przekonanie o poważnych konsekwencjach choroby, ale wyniki badanych uzyskane w pomiarze po piątej fali pandemii wskazują na wzrost przekonania na temat chronicznej natury choroby i wzrost przekonania, że może być ona kontrolowana medycznie, ale wskazują też na spadek poczucia kontroli osobistej nad chorobą.
Po piątej fali pandemii starszy wiek uczestników korespondował ze wzrostem przekonań o znaczeniu niektórych środków zapobiegawczych, z większą świadomością pochodzenia wirusa, większą wiarą w możliwość kontrolowania choroby poprzez własne zachowania i z większym poczuciem koherencji choroby.
Intensyfikację emocji negatywnych w związku z trwającą pandemią można traktować jako predyktor rozwoju zaburzeń adaptacyjnych oraz ryzyka pogorszenia się zdrowia psychicznego w kolejnych latach.

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