Samouszkodzenia u osób z rozpoznaniem psychiatrycznym – przegląd literatury

Autor

  • Ewelina Drzał I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-1558
  • Agnieszka Banaszek Student Research Group at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7756-3467
  • Paweł Stanicki Student Research Group at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor
  • Zuzanna Wingralek Student Research Group at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-9345

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0004

Słowa kluczowe:

samouszkodzenia, spektrum autyzmu, schizofrenia, zaburzenie afektywne dwubiegunowe, zaburzenia osobowości

Abstrakt

Wstęp: Samouszkodzenia mają charakter zachowań autoagresywnych. Przybierają różne formy. Zazwyczaj nie występują jako zjawisko izolowane. Osoby dokonujące samouszkodzeń często mają rozpoznane zaburzenie psychiczne, a rozpoznanie psychiatryczne jest jednym z czynników ryzyka występowania samouszkodzeń.

Materiał i metoda: W niniejszym badaniu dokonano analizy artykułów, w których można było znaleźć informacje na temat występowania różnych zaburzeń psychicznych. W artykułach tych szukano informacji na temat występowania samouszkodzeń, ich rodzaju, pochodzenia, przyczyn powstawania.

Dyskusja: U pacjentów z rozpoznaniem psychiatrycznym często występują samouszkodzenia. Częstość takich zachowań może wynosić od 33% do 50% u osób z autyzmem, do 22%, a nawet 49% osób z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń psychotycznych. Akty samookaleczeń mogą dotyczyć 50-78% osób z rozpoznanym zaburzeniem osobowości typu border-line. W przypadku młodocianych osób z zaburzeniami odżywiania aż 41% pacjentów zgłasza zaangażowanie w samookaleczenia. W grupie osób z rozpoznanymi zaburzeniami afektywnymi dwubiegunowymi może być to nawet 77,3%. Dużą grupą osób samouszkadzających się są również osoby z depresją. Podaje się, że może to być nawet 71,2% chorujących na zaburzenie afektywne jednobiegunowe.

Wnioski: U pacjentów z rozpoznaniem psychiatrycznym często występują samouszkodzenia. Częstość takich zachowań może wynosić od 33% do 50% u osób z autyzmem, do 22%, a nawet 49% osób z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń psychotycznych. Akty samookaleczeń mogą dotyczyć 50-78% osób z rozpoznanym zaburzeniem osobowości typu border-line. W przypadku młodocianych osób z zaburzeniami odżywiania aż 41% pacjentów zgłasza zaangażowanie w samookaleczenia. W grupie osób z rozpoznanymi zaburzeniami afektywnymi dwubiegunowymi może być to nawet 77,3%. Dużą grupą osób samouszkadzających się są również osoby z depresją. Podaje się, że może to być nawet 71,2% chorujących na zaburzenie afektywne jednobiegunowe.

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2023-02-22