From the party to the therapy – MDMA as an alternative for the existing methods of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder treatment

Autor

  • Wiktoria Bojarska Student Research Group at the Chair and Department of Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6923-2068
  • Karolina Bury Student Research Group at the Chair and Department of Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1871-1259
  • Radosław Januszczak Student Research Group at the II Chair and Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4088-8138
  • Bartosz Burda Student Research Group at the II Chair and Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Autor https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1871-424X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0020

Słowa kluczowe:

MDMA, PTSD, 3,4-metylenodioksymetamfetamina, psychoterapia wspomagana MDM

Abstrakt

Wstęp: Zespół Stresu Pourazowego (PTSD) to zaburzenie psychiczne spowodowane narażeniem na traumatyczne wydarzenie. Aktualnie leczenie opiera się na psychoterapii skoncentrowanej na traumie w połączeniu z inhibitorami wychwytu zwrotnego serotoniny (SSRI). Szacuje się, że u około 40-60% pacjentów nie przynosi ono pożądanej poprawy stanu, co skłoniło naukowców do poszukiwania nowych metody farmakoterapii. Obecnie najbardziej obiecującym związkiem jest MDMA.

Materiał i metody: Celem tej pracy jest przegląd publikacji naukowych dostępnych na platformie PubMed na temat wykorzystania MDMA w terapii PTSD z lat 2020-2022, używając słów: MDMA, PTSD, MDMA and PTSD.

Dyskusja: MDMA (3,4-metylenodioksymetamfetamina) to związek psychoaktywny zwiększający poziom serotoniny, dopaminy i noradrenaliny w mózgu. Badania pokazują, że taki sposób leczenia zmniejsza objawy PTSD o ciężkim przebiegu w porównaniu z próbami placebo oraz dotychczasowym leczeniem. Pacjenci zgłaszali poprawę m.in. w zakresie samopoczucia, liczby koszmarów, zaburzeń snu, postrzegania siebie czy relacji międzyludzkich. Pozytywne efekty terapii MDMA były długotrwałe - utrzymywały się przez 12 miesięcy po zakończeniu leczenia. Według badań, MDMA wpływa na zmniejszenie objawów chorób często towarzyszących PTSD, tj. zmniejszenie spożycia alkoholu oraz objawów zaburzeń odżywiania przy jednoczesnym braku zwiększania ryzyka nadużywania innych substancji czy samego MDMA. Ponadto, uważa się, że MDMA usprawnia psychoterapię, pozwalając pacjentom odtworzyć traumatyczne wydarzenie bez negatywnych objawów towarzyszących. Działania niepożądane tej terapii są mniej groźne i występują rzadziej niż w przypadku dotychczas używanych SSRI.

Wnioski: Powyższe obserwacje pokazują, że psychoterapia PTSD wspomagana MDMA jest obiecującą alternatywą dla dotychczasowych metod i niesie nadzieję pacjentom z najcięższym przebiegiem czy niereagującym na klasyczne leczenie.

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Opublikowane

2023-09-22